Dynamics of Bacterial Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis During Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

DeMuri, Gregory P.; Gern, James E.; Eickhoff, Jens; Lynch, Susan V.; Wald, Ellen R.

doi:10.1093/cid/cix941

Cited by 115 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Healthy children aged 48-96 months were recruited throughout the study period (2012-2016) from 2 pediatric practices in Madison, Wisconsin, and were followed for 1 year, as previously described and as detailed in the Supplementary Methods [2,3].…”

Section: Enrollment and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnostic virology was performed on nasal samples by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as previously described [2,3]. Nasal specimens were also analyzed by partial sequencing, to determine which rhinovirus types were present and differentiate closely related enterovirus from rhinovirus [11].…”

Section: Virus Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nasal samples were also analyzed for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis using quantitative real-time PCR. DNA was extracted with the BiOstic Bacteremia DNA Isolation Kit (Mo Bio laboratories, Carlsbad, CA) as previously described [2]. Each assay included a standard curve, derived from bacteria of known concentrations, and results are reported as colony-forming unit equivalents/mL (cfue/mL).…”

Section: Bacterial Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A viral upper respiratory infection (URI) causes mucosal inflammation within the nose and nasopharynx that promotes the obstruction of the sinus ostia [1]. The virus-induced proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx can set the stage for the development of complications, such as acute sinusitis and acute otitis media [2,3]. The diagnosis of acute sinusitis is made on clinical criteria alone and is based on the presence and pattern of symptoms that differentiate acute sinusitis from an uncomplicated viral URI [4,5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of acute sinusitis is made on clinical criteria alone and is based on the presence and pattern of symptoms that differentiate acute sinusitis from an uncomplicated viral URI [4,5]. Our previous investigations described virus identification and bacterial colonization in asymptomatic children and in those with uncomplicated URIs [2,3,6]. Here, we focus on the subpopulation of children with acute bacterial sinusitis and compare the clinical and virologic features of viral URIs that remain uncomplicated to those that precede an episode of sinusitis in an expanded cohort of children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Virological Characteristics of Acute Sinusitis in Children

DeMuri

Eickhoff

Gern

et al. 2019

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Background. Acute bacterial sinusitis is a frequent complication of viral upper respiratory infection (URI). We describe the clinical and virologic features of URIs that remain uncomplicated and those that precede an episode of sinusitis. We hypothesize that certain viruses are more likely to lead to acute sinusitis, and we compare viruses identified at the time of diagnosis of sinusitis with those identified early in the URI.Methods. Children aged 48-96 months were followed longitudinally for 1 year. Nasal samples were obtained at surveillance visits, on Day 3-4 of the URI, and on Day 10, when sinusitis was diagnosed. Molecular diagnostic testing was performed on nasal washes for common respiratory viruses and pathogenic bacteria. A standardized score was used to quantify symptom severity.Results. We evaluated 519 URIs, and 37 illnesses in 31 patients met the criteria for sinusitis. Respiratory syncytial virus was detected more frequently in URI visits that led to sinusitis, compared to in uncomplicated URIs (10.8% vs 3.4%; P = .05). New viruses were detected in 29% of sinusitis episodes, and their pattern was different than those patterns observed at surveillance. The median number of URIs per subject per year was 1 (range 0-9) in uncomplicated URI subjects and 3 (range 1-9) in sinusitis subjects (P < .001).Conclusions. Children who developed sinusitis experienced more frequent URIs, compared to children whose URIs remained uncomplicated. When nasal samples were obtained on the day of diagnosis of acute sinusitis, nearly 30% of children had a new virus identified, suggesting that some children deemed to have sinusitis were experiencing sequential viral infections.

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Section: Enrollment and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacterial Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Virological Characteristics of Acute Sinusitis in Children

DeMuri

Eickhoff

Gern

et al. 2019

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Bielicki

Stöhr

Barratt

et al. 2021

JAMA

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Question: For children with community-acquired pneumonia discharged from an emergency department, observational unit, or inpatient ward (within 48 hours), is subsequent outpatient treatment with oral amoxicillin at a dose of 35-50 mg/kg/day noninferior to 70-90 mg/kg/day, and for 3 days noninferior to 7 days, with regard to the need for antibiotic retreatment? Findings: In this 2x2 factorial randomized clinical trial of 814 children requiring amoxicillin for community-acquired pneumonia at hospital discharge, antibiotic retreatment within 28 days occurred in 12.6% vs 12.4% of those randomized to lower vs higher doses, respectively, and in 12.5% vs 12.5% of those randomized to 3-day vs 7-day amoxicillin duration. Both comparisons met the prespecified 8% noninferiority margin.Meaning: Among children with community-acquired pneumonia discharged from an emergency department, observational unit, or inpatient ward, further outpatient treatment with oral amoxicillin at a dose of 35-50 mg/kg/day was noninferior to a dose of 70-90 mg/kg/day and for 3 days was noninferior to 7 days with regard to the need for later antibiotic retreatment.

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Amoxicillin Dose and Duration of Treatment and Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia—Reply

Bielicki

Sharland

2022

JAMA

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Dynamics of Bacterial Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis During Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Cited by 115 publications

References 42 publications

Clinical and Virological Characteristics of Acute Sinusitis in Children

Clinical and Virological Characteristics of Acute Sinusitis in Children

Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Amoxicillin Dose and Duration of Treatment and Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia—Reply

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