Dynamics of Bone Loss in Cases with Acute or Chronic Apical Abscess

Volumetric Assessment of Apical Periodontitis Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography—A Systematic Review

“…All studies included patients with apical periodontitis which were documented via CBCT. They reported the measured volume of periapical lesions: two studies combined the volumetric measurements of periapical lesions, as well as those of the maxillary sinus mucosa [ 3 , 20 ], whereas eleven studies used CBCT to measure the apical lesion volume solely to distinguish healing outcomes and/or compare it with other dental imaging techniques [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ], two studies used the measured volume to evaluate the accuracy of periapical indices [ 13 , 18 ], and one study compared CBCTPAVI index to the sphericity of the lesions [ 19 ]. The key point investigated was the volumetric determination of apical lesions and their alteration in size and dimension after successful endodontic treatment in different follow-up time spans, alongside the comparison of accuracy between 3D and 2D radiographic measurements in dentistry.…”

“…The thickness of the layer was not mentioned in most studies; however, they accounted for 0.2 mm. Most common segmentation methods were manual [ 14 , 16 , 20 , 21 ] and automatic [ 12 , 13 , 17 , 53 ]. Semiautomatic segmentation was done in two publications [ 10 , 11 ].…”

“…The Amira software has been used in seven studies [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Mimics has been used in three publications [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], and 3D Doctor and ITK SNAP software have been used in two publications each, respectively [ 20 , 21 , 56 , 57 ], and single studies used: Planmeca Viewer [ 3 ], Nemotec [ 54 ], OsiriX [ 54 ] and Implant Viewer [ 54 ]. Data on the CBCT parameters in the analysed studies are presented in Table 3 .…”

“…Other studies analysed endotoxins levels [ 53 ], automated volumetric measurements [ 54 ], size and pattern of bone loss in patients with acute and chronic apical abscess [ 17 ], and diagnostic potential of high-resolution ultrasound with CBCT in assessing granulomas and radicular cysts [ 21 ].…”

“…One of the main values for a successful outcome after a performed endodontic treatment is the recession and/or complete healing of intra-bony lesions caused by AP [ 7 ]. Different software programs, such as Amira [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], Mimics [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], and 3D Doctor [ 20 , 21 ], are designed for volumetric interpretation on CBCT-based data. They allow the practitioner to evaluate the outcome of treatment through assessments of volumetric changes which are measured and compared over given periods of time.…”