Dynamics of catalyst particle formation and multi-walled carbon nanotube growth in aerosol-assisted catalytic chemical vapor deposition

Castro, Célia; Pinault, Mathieu; Coste-Leconte, S.; Porterat, D.; Bendiab, Nedjma; Reynaud, C.; Mayne-l'Hermite, M.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2010.06.045

Cited by 57 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Aligned carbon nanotube samples are synthesized by aerosol-assisted catalytic chemical vapour deposition (AA-CCVD) from toluene and ferrocene precursors [12,20]. The synthesis set-up and standard procedure have been described previously [9,17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, from around 1.5 µm up to 3 µm, the G band intensity saturates while its frequency increases from 1568 cm -1 to -1 . Finally, the Raman spectra on the top of the particle, corresponds to the MWNT synthesis by the process of this study [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are mainly prepared by CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition) processes involving, either a deposition of a metal film before the reaction with a carbonaceous source [5][6][7], or the formation of catalyst particles from a metal precursor which is injected together with the carbon precursor [8][9][10][11]. Concerning this later method, liquid precursors are generally injected in the reactor either with syringes or as liquid aerosols and A-MWNT are subsequently grown with, generally, a high growth rate and almost no by-products (amorphous carbon) among nanotubes [8][9][10][11][12]. Such processes offer the advantage to be continuous and to be easily scalable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…X-Ray diffraction allows one to quantify the alignment degree of nanotubes in macroscopic carpets [19,21]. Raman spectroscopy demonstrates that such nanotubes exhibit a high structural quality as compared to nanotubes generally grown by CVD [12], and XPS experiments (X-rays Photoelectron Spectroscopy), performed on samples resulting from the early stages of nanotube growth, show the occurrence of sp 2 carbon in the early stages of CNT growth [11]. More recently, in-situ X-ray diffraction experiments on A-MWNT carpet synthesised by aerosol-assisted CCVD process allowed us to show that particles giving rise to CNT growth are cementite nanoparticles [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure in nascent carbon nanotubes revealed by spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy

Landois¹,

Pinault²,

Huard³

et al. 2014

Thin Solid Films

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Abstract:The understanding of carbon nanotubes (CNT) growth is crucial for the control of their production. In particular, the identification of structural changes of carbon possibly occurring near the catalyst particle in the very early stages of their formation is of high interest. In this study, samples of nascent CNT obtained during nucleation step and samples of vertically aligned CNT obtained during growth step are analysed by combined spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction measurements. Spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy reveals that iron-based phases and carbon phases are co-localised at the same position, and indicates that sp 2 carbon nucleates preferentially on iron-based particles during this nucleation step. Depth scan Raman spectroscopy analysis, performed on nascent CNT, highlights that carbon structural organisation is significantly changing from defective graphene layers surrounding the iron-based particles at their base up to multi-walled nanotube structures in the upper part of iron-based particles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Structure in nascent carbon nanotubes revealed by spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy

Landois¹,

Pinault²,

Huard³

et al. 2014

Thin Solid Films

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show abstract

“…This CCVD method, as a new setup of aerosol-assisted CVD, [12][13][14] uses DMS-EtOH droplets to transport the precursors into a heated reaction zone to react with Sn nanoparticles to form the desired hybrid nanostructures [15] with the aid of inert carrier gases. The emergence of this CCVD can help to solve the availability and delivery problems of precursors in conventional CVD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tin–Tin Dioxide@Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Synthesized by Aerosol Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition for High‐Density Lithium Storage

Byeon

Kim

2014

ChemCatChem

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The gas-phase self-assembly of Sn-SnO 2 @hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNSs) synthesized by floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition, as a new, facile, and scalable method, was performed, and the resultant nanospheres displayed an enhanced lithium storage performance. Freshly synthesized Sn nanoparticles [ % 25 nm in equivalent mobility diameter (EMD)] were incorporated quantitatively with dimethyl sulfide (DMS)-ethanol (EtOH) droplets ( % 45 nm in EMD) in the form of Sn/ DMS-EtOH hybrid droplets ( % 42 nm in EMD). The hybrid droplets were employed to perform catalytic chemical vapor synthesis in a heated tubular reactor. It was observed that SnSnO 2 particles with sizes between 3-6 nm were dispersed in the HCNSs ( % 25 nm in lateral dimension), and no bulky aggregates were visible. Its reversible capacity even increased up to % 870 mA h g À1 after 50 cycles, which is much higher than the conventional theoretical capacity of SnO 2 (782 mA h g À1).Nanostructured materials have received much attention because of their new electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. [1,2] One category of such materials, Sn-C hybrid nanostructures, are ideal active materials for high energy and power density Li ion batteries (LIBs).[3] Sn-based materials deserve special attention as they offer a promising alternative to graphite because of their high theoretical capacity (Sn: 990 mA h g À1 , SnO 2 : 790 mA h g À1 , compared with 372 mA h g À1 for graphite).[4] However, it is a significant challenge to control the Sn particle size and the uniformity of Sn particle dispersion in the carbon matrix using current synthesis technology because of the low melting point of Sn and the tendency of particle growth, especially during high-temperature carbonization. [5] Despite the urgent need of these kinds of hybrid nanostructures, there are few well-established facile and scalable methods to synthesize these advanced nanostructures. Usually, the multistep coating, currently used for this kind of nanostructured electrode, is time consuming and tedious, which hinders the scale-up of the process significantly. [6,7] The present work introduces a continuous gas-phase self-assembly of Sn-SnO 2 @hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNSs) through a new floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) [8] method for the enhancement of Li storage. HCNSs usually have a porous shell and a protected inner cavity, which endow them with wide potential applications in LIBs, fuel cells, energy storage, catalysis, and drug delivery.[9] The successful key to this method is rooted in the deagglomerated Sn particles within precursor droplets, which allow the dispersion of ultrafine Sn particles in the carbon matrix. A catalytic formation of the carbon network is another factor that prevents Sn particles from growing bigger during the high-temperature process.A spark discharge [10] produced Sn nanoparticles, and the particle-laden flow passed over the Collison atomizer orifice in which they mix with the atomized dimethyl sulfide (DMS)-ethanol (EtOH) solution to form...

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Conducting Polymers Nanowires with Carbon Nanotubes or Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors Applications

Pham-Truong

Banet

Aubert

2021

Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications

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Dynamics of catalyst particle formation and multi-walled carbon nanotube growth in aerosol-assisted catalytic chemical vapor deposition

Cited by 57 publications

References 43 publications

Structure in nascent carbon nanotubes revealed by spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy

Structure in nascent carbon nanotubes revealed by spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy

Tin–Tin Dioxide@Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Synthesized by Aerosol Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition for High‐Density Lithium Storage

Conducting Polymers Nanowires with Carbon Nanotubes or Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors Applications

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