Dynamics of co-infection in fish: A review of pathogen-host interaction and clinical outcome

Okon, Ekemini Moses; Okocha, Reuben Chukwuka; Taiwo, Adesina Babatunde; F, Michael; Bolanle, Adeniran Moji

doi:10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100096

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…According to Uhrynowski et al (2017) [42], the strain O23A is related to A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449 and exhibits characteristics such as tolerance to changes in pH (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and temperature (4-42 • C) and it was found to be capable of reducing arsenic. Only two Aeromonas spp.…”

Section: Genome Similaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial co-infections in fish are rather common and it has been shown that they amplify mortality rates and give rise to conditions such as ulcerative dermatitis and intestinal hemorrhage. The interactions between various pathogens can be synergistic, antagonistic, or neutral, triggering complex and varied immune responses [9]. In addition to the presence of different bacterial species, we must consider yet another complexity layer that arises from the advances in comparative genomics that have shown the significance of having also different bacterial strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyinfection in Fish Aeromoniasis: A Study of Co-Isolated Aeromonas Species in Aeromonas veronii Outbreaks

Cantillo Villa,

Triga,

Katharios

2023

Pathogens

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We studied the phenotypic and genomic characteristics related to the virulence and antibiotic resistance of two Aeromonas strains, which were co-isolated before an outbreak of Aeromonas veronii among diseased seabass on Agathonisi Island, Greece, in April 2015. The first strain, AG2.13.2, is a potentially pathogenic mesophilic variant of Aeromonas salmonicida, and the second, AG2.13.5, corresponds to an Aeromonas rivipollensis related to A. rivipollensis KN-Mc-11N1 with an ANI value of 97.32%. AG2.13.2 lacks the type III secretion system just like other mesophilic strains of A. salmonicida. This characteristic has been associated with lower virulence. However, the genome of AG2.13.2 contains other important virulence factors such as type II and type VI secretion systems, and toxins such as rtxA, aerolysin aer/act, and different types of hemolysins. The strain also carries several genes associated with antibiotic resistance such as the tetE efflux pump, and exhibits resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, and oxolinic acid. In an in vivo challenge test with gilthead seabream larvae, the A. veronii bv sobria strain AG5.28.6 exhibited the highest virulence among all tested strains. Conversely, both A. salmonicida and A. rivipollensis showed minimal virulence when administered alone. Interestingly, when A. veronii bv sobria AG5.28.6 was co-administered with A. rivipollensis, the larvae survival probability increased compared to those exposed to A. veronii bv sobria AG5.28.6 alone. This finding indicates an antagonistic interaction between A. veronii bv sobria AG5.28.6 and A. rivipollensis AG2.13.5. The co-administration of A. veronii bv sobria AG5.28.6 with Aeromonas salmonicida did not yield distinct survival probabilities. Our results validate that the primary pathogen responsible for European seabass aeromoniasis is Aeromonas veronii bv sobria.

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Section: Genome Similaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyinfection in Fish Aeromoniasis: A Study of Co-Isolated Aeromonas Species in Aeromonas veronii Outbreaks

Cantillo Villa,

Triga,

Katharios

2023

Pathogens

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“…Therefore, it is probable that the endemicity of diarrheal strains primes the innate immunity of sub-Saharan people, making them less susceptible to invasive bacteremic NOVC strains. Although the concept is not well explored yet, modification in the host immune responses by one pathogen can impact the responses generated against a different or co-infecting pathogen [124]. This hypothesis has been used to explain why individuals in malaria-endemic settings seem to be protected against severe SARS-CoV-2 infections [125,126].…”

Section: Host Immunity and Novc Bacteremiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio cholerae Bacteremia: An Enigma in Cholera-Endemic African Countries

Agyei,

Scharf,

Duodu

2024

TropicalMed

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Cholera is highly endemic in many sub-Saharan African countries. The bacterium Vibrio cholerae is responsible for this severe dehydrating diarrheal disease that accounts for over 100,000 deaths each year globally. In recent years, the pathogen has been found to invade intestinal layers and translocate into the bloodstream of humans. The non-toxigenic strains of V. cholerae (non-O1/O139), also known as NOVC, which do not cause epidemic or pandemic cases of cholera, are the major culprits of V. cholerae bacteremia. In non-cholera-endemic regions, clinical reports on NOVC infection have been noted over the past few decades, particularly in Europe and America. Although low–middle-income countries are most susceptible to cholera infections because of challenges with access to clean water and inappropriate sanitation issues, just a few cases of V. cholerae bloodstream infections have been reported. The lack of evidence-based research and surveillance of V. cholerae bacteremia in Africa may have significant clinical implications. This commentary summarizes the existing knowledge on the host risk factors, pathogenesis, and diagnostics of NOVC bacteremia.

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“…Parasite-infected sh lose their capacity to absorb nutrients from their diet as their energy is redirected to combat the infection, resulting in malnutrition and hindered growth. Internal parasites harm vital organs, such as the liver, kidney, stomach, and intestines, causing functional disruption, while prolonged infections weaken the sh's immune system, increasing susceptibility to secondary infections (Feist & Longshaw, 2008;Okon et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and molecular identification of Euclinostomum heterostomum in the spotted snakehead (Channa punctata) in Narayanganj, Bangladesh

Bari,

Amina,

Nadia

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Parasites of the Clinostomidae family are widely distributed worldwide. Freshwater fish of Bangladesh frequently serve as hosts for various Clinostomidae species. The metacercariae stage of Euclinostomum heterostomum, a prevalent digenetic trematode, exhibits a distinct affinity for infecting Channidae species and becomes encysted within the liver, kidneys, and muscles of these species. This study focused on identifying E. heterostomum in Channa punctata using a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. The morphological characteristics of the species were examined using both light and scanning electron microscope. Encysted flukes, inflammatory infiltrates of leukocytes, along with degeneration and loosening of hepatic tissue were observed in the histopathological examination of the infected liver tissue. Molecular analysis of the partial nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) sequence confirmed the presence of Euclinostomum heterostomum. A comparison of the collected metacercariae sequence (Accession no. OR591452) with the NCBI GeneBank databases found similarity to other species within the same genus in India and Thailand. The phylogenetic reconstruction provided compelling evidence of genetic similarity among different strains of the genus Euclinostomum, indicating their shared genetic heritage.

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Dynamics of co-infection in fish: A review of pathogen-host interaction and clinical outcome

Cited by 18 publications

References 131 publications

Polyinfection in Fish Aeromoniasis: A Study of Co-Isolated Aeromonas Species in Aeromonas veronii Outbreaks

Polyinfection in Fish Aeromoniasis: A Study of Co-Isolated Aeromonas Species in Aeromonas veronii Outbreaks

Vibrio cholerae Bacteremia: An Enigma in Cholera-Endemic African Countries

Morphological and molecular identification of Euclinostomum heterostomum in the spotted snakehead (Channa punctata) in Narayanganj, Bangladesh

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