Dynamics of diabetes and obesity: Epidemiological perspective

Abstract

The purpose of this review article is to understand the current literature on obesity, diabetes and therapeutic avenues across the world. Diabetes is a chronic lifestyle condition that affects millions of people worldwide and it is a major health concern in our society. Diabetes and obesity are associated with various conditions, including non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. Early detectable markers are not well established to detect pre-diabetes and as a result, it becomes diabetes. Several published epidemiological studies were assessed and the findings were summarized. Resources from published studies were used to identify criteria used for pre-diabetes, the role of diet in pre-diabetics and potential risks and characteristics associated with pre-diabetes. Preventive strategies are needed to combat diabetes. Individuals diagnosed with pre-diabetes need detailed education, need to fully understand the risk factors and have the ability to manage diabetes. Interventions exist that include chronic disease self-management programs, lifestyle interventions and pharmacological strategies. Obesity plays a large role in causing pre-diabetes and diabetes. Critical analysis of existing epidemiological research data suggests that additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of interventions.

Combined analysis of whole‐exon sequencing and lncRNA sequencing in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity

“…Obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus (O‐T2DM) usually refers to T2DM with a body mass index (BMI) that meets the criteria for overweight or obesity. Obesity is the main independent risk factor for T2DM, accounting for 80%‐90% of the causes of diabetes . Obesity enhances insulin resistance and causes hyperinsulinemia in patients with T2DM.…”

“…Obesity is the main independent risk factor for T2DM, accounting for 80%-90% of the causes of diabetes. 8 Obesity enhances insulin resistance and causes hyperinsulinemia in patients with T2DM. Therefore, the treatment of O-T2DM is relatively difficult.…”

The Potential Synergistic Modulation of AMPK by Lippia citriodora Compounds as a Target in Metabolic Disorders

“…In 2016, approximately 39% of the world's adult population were overweight and approximately 13% were obese. Overweight and obesity are defined as the abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that is closely linked to the development of chronic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases [1], type 2 diabetes [2], musculoskeletal disorders [3] and some cancers [4]. Nevertheless, obesity can be prevented by lifestyle intervention, such as restricting caloric intake and increasing regular physical activity.…”

“…The number of each cluster is indicated. The 5ISO structure was used (panels (B), (C), (D), and (E)), and panel B shows the three AMP binding sites(1,2,3), the ATP binding site in the catalytic domain(4), and the regulatory site in the interaction zone between the alpha-2 and beta-1 subunits(5). Finally, panel (A) shows the molecular structures of loganic acid, luteolin-7-diglucuronide, and verbascoside.…”

Natural Bioactive Compounds with Small-Bowel Glucose/Antiabsorption and Sugar Digestion Enzymes’ Inhibition Actions: New Strategy to Relieve Hyperglycemia and Diabetes

“…Postprandial-glucose regulation importance in the improvement of diabetic aggravations is widely recognized based on several epidemiological researches [1]. Many α-amylase/β-glucosidase inhibitors were suggested to control postprandial hyperglycemia, but the inhibitors of these enzymes are not capable of preventing glucose absorption when this sugar itself has been ingested.…”