Dynamics of IgG Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Reveals Insight into Immunity During the Early Pandemic Period in Pakistan

Masood, Kiran Iqbal; Qaiser, Shama; Abidi, Syed Hani; Khan, Erum; Mahmood, Syed Faisal; Hussain, Areeba; Ghous, Zara; Imtiaz, Kehkashan; Ali, Natasha; Hayat, Hassan; Memon, Haris Ali; Yameen, Maliha; Ali, Shiza; Lakhani, Gulzar; Baloch, Sadaf; Alves, Paula M.; Iqbal, Najeeha Talat; Ahmed, Kumail; Mehmood, Junaid; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Hussain, Rabia; Rottenberg, Martı́n E.; Simas, J. Pedro; Veldhoen, Marc; Ghias, Kulsoom; Hasan, Zahra

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4065417

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Vaccinations were rst rolled out on an urgent basis in February 2021 [13] and due to the time taken for regulatory approvals of this study, four weeks post-vaccination was the earliest timed sample had for cases. However, the study population here was similar, with some overlap, to that in our earlier seroprevalence study where we observed earlier whereby unvaccinated, uninfected study subjects in a healthcare associated cohort tested between October 2020 and May 2021 were found to have a 35% seropositivity to spike and 21% seropostivity to RBD antigen [25]. Therefore, we presume that the baseline antibody responses to spike and RBD in our study subjects prior to vaccination with BBIBP-CorV would be similar to that observed earlier for the comparable group.…”

Section: Description Of Studysupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Due to the time taken for regulatory and ethical approvals for the study at the time of the urgent roll-out of BBIBP-CorV vaccination in Pakistan, we could not unfortunately determine baseline data exactly for the subjects in the BBIBP-CorV vaccine study. However, in our earlier seroprevalence study (conducted March to October 2020), we had observed that seropositivity to spike to be 35% and 21.3% to RBD in our healthy uninfected controls [25].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…Vaccinations were rst administered in February 2021 at the Aga Khan University Hospital after it was designated as an Adult Vaccination Center by the Department of Health, Government of Sindh. In this study, we have investigated the dynamics of BBIBP-CorV -induced IgG responses to spike and receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins in a healthcare associated cohort who were followed as part of a seroprevalence study in Karachi, Pakistan [25]. SARS-CoV-2 reactive antibodies were determined in the vaccinees followed up at regular intervals for 24 weeks post-vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of age and prior COVID-19 on BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccination- induced antibody responses in a region with high seroprevalence

Hasan

Masood²,

Qaiser

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) inactivated virus vaccination for COVID-19 has been administered widely in Pakistan. We investigated the dynamics of BBIBP-CorV -induced antibody responses over a 24 week period in a region with a high seroprevalence. Methods Study subjects (n = 312) were followed up over a 24-week period between May and August 2021. Sera were tested for IgG antibodies to spike and the receptor binding domain (RBD). Results Study subjects were 62% female. Twenty-two percent had a prior history of COVID-19. At 4-, 8- 16- and 24-weeks post-vaccination, the rate of IgG antibodies positive to spike was 57%, 87%, 66% and 90% of individuals, compared with to RBD which was 48%, 62%, 68% and 85% of subjects, respectively,. IgG to spike and RBD showed a positive correlation at each interval (rho > 0.6, p < 0.0001). Seropositivity to both spike and RBD was reduced in those aged 50 years and over for up until 16 weeks post-vaccination (p < 0.05). Individuals with prior COVID-19 infection showed greater antibody responses for up to 16 weeks post-vaccination (p < 0.05). SARS-CoV-2 infections were observed with a mean interval of 16 weeks post-vaccination. Antibody responses did not wane for up to 6 months post-vaccination. Conclusions Sinopharm vaccination-induced antibody responses were negatively impacted by age and positively impacted by prior COVID-19 for 16 weeks after vaccination. Importantly, we did not find waning of IgG antibodies to RBD over the study period. Maintenance of antibodies may be the result of continued community exposure and boosting with COVID-19 vaccination.

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Section: Description Of Studysupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of age and prior COVID-19 on BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccination- induced antibody responses in a region with high seroprevalence

Hasan

Masood²,

Qaiser

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…By December 2020, we observed IgG antibodies to spike protein to be present in greater than 50% of unvaccinated healthy blood donors (15). By April 2021, we observed IgG antibody seroprevalence to be up to 83% in an uninfected health care cohort in Karachi (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It is particularly important to have data from high infectious disease burden regions with limited COVID-19 vaccine access where primarily inactivated vaccines were administered. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of BBIBP-CorV -induced IgG responses to spike and receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins for up to 25 weeks post-vaccination in a healthcare associated cohort in Karachi, Pakistan (32). We investigated humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens to determine how these are impacted by age, sex, and prior history of COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccination- induced immunity is affected by age, gender and prior COVID-19 and activates responses to spike and other antigens

Hasan¹,

Masood²,

Qaiser³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Long-term solutions against SARS-CoV-2 infections require understanding of immune protection induced by different vaccine COVID-19 formulations. We investigated humoral and cellular immunity induced by Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) in a region of high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. Levels of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) were determined 24-weeks. Cellular immunity was investigated using a commercially available IFN-γ release assay to SARS-CoV-2 spike (Ag1 and 2) and extended genome antigens (Ag3). Increasing IgG seropositivity to Spike protein and RBD was observed post-vaccination. Seropositivity was reduced in those over 50 years and raised in females and those with prior COVID-19. After 20 weeks post-vaccination, only one third of participants had positive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Prior COVID-19 impacted IFNγ responses, with reactivity enhanced in those infected earlier. The frequency of IFNγ responses was highest to extended genome antigen set. Overall, BBIBP-CorV- induced antibody responses were impacted by age, gender and prior COVID-19. Cellular immunity was present in a limited number of individuals after 20 weeks but was enhanced by prior infection. This suggests the need for booster vaccinations in older individuals. BBIBP-CorV induced cellular activation is broader than to spike, requiring further study to understand how to monitor vaccine effectiveness.

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Investigating the impact of prior COVID‐19 on IgG antibody and interferon γ responses after BBIBP‐CorV vaccination in a disease endemic population: A prospective observational study

Hasan,

Masood,

Qaiser

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimsCOVID‐19 vaccinations have reduced morbidity and mortality from the disease. Antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) have been associated with immune protection. Seroprevalence studies revealed high immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels to SARS‐CoV‐2 in the Pakistani population before vaccinations. We investigated the effect of BBIBP‐CorV vaccination on circulating IgG antibodies and interferon (IFN)‐γ from T cells measured in a cohort of healthy individuals, with respect to age, gender, and history of COVID‐19.MethodsThe study was conducted between April and October 2021. BBIBP‐CorV vaccinated participants were followed up to 24 weeks. Antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein and its receptor‐binding domain (RBD) were measured. IFNγ secreted by whole blood stimulation of Spike protein and extended genome antigens was determined.ResultsStudy participants with a history of prior COVID‐19 displayed a higher magnitude of IgG antibodies to Spike and RBD. IgG seropositivity was greater in those with prior COVID‐19, aged 50 years or younger and in females. At 24 weeks after vaccination, 37.4% of participants showed IFN‐γ responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens. T cell IFN‐γ release was higher in those with prior COVID‐19 and those aged 50 years or less. Highest IFN‐γ release was observed to extended genome antigens in individuals both with and without prior COVID‐19.ConclusionWe found that IgG seropositivity to both Spike and RBD was affected by prior COVID‐19, age and gender. Importantly, seropositive responses persisted up to 24 weeks after vaccination. Persistence of vaccine induced IgG antibodies may be linked to the high seroprevalence observed earlier in unvaccinated individuals. Increased T cell reactivity to Spike and extended genome antigens reflects cellular activation induced by BBIBP‐CorV. COVID‐19 vaccination may have longer lasting immune responses in populations with a higher seroprevalence. These data inform on vaccination booster policies for high‐risk groups.

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Dynamics of IgG Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Reveals Insight into Immunity During the Early Pandemic Period in Pakistan

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of age and prior COVID-19 on BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccination- induced antibody responses in a region with high seroprevalence

Effect of age and prior COVID-19 on BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccination- induced antibody responses in a region with high seroprevalence

BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccination- induced immunity is affected by age, gender and prior COVID-19 and activates responses to spike and other antigens

Investigating the impact of prior COVID‐19 on IgG antibody and interferon γ responses after BBIBP‐CorV vaccination in a disease endemic population: A prospective observational study

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