Dynamics of IL‐15/IL‐15R‐α expression in response to HSV‐1 infection reveal a novel mode of viral immune evasion counteracted by iNKT cells

Sobkowiak, Michał J.; Paquin‐Proulx, Dominic; Bošnjak, Lidija; Moll, Markus; Chen, Margaret Sällberg; Sandberg, Johan K.

doi:10.1002/eji.202149287

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Especially the production of cytokines could have triggered viral reactivation directly, or indirectly via reduction of neurotrophic support [36]. For example, Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a critical pro-in ammatory factor for a variety of immune response [37], and interferons (IFNs) are responsible for the rst-line defense against viral pathogen [38]. COVID-19 vaccination and HSV infection were found to share the same feature of signaling of IL-15 and IFN-γ [39].…”

Section: The Mechanisms Of Herpetic Keratitis Triggered By Covid-19 V...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivation of Herpetic Keratitis by Mixing and Matching Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in Taiwan: A Retrospective Analysis

Chang,

Hung,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background As an increasing population has received different kinds of COVID-19 vaccines, many ocular adverse events have been reported. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between COVID-19 vaccines and the activation of herpetic keratitis. Methods Patients presented with any type of herpetic keratitis after mixing and matching COVID-19 vaccinations was enrolled. A descriptive analysis of the demographics, clinical history and ocular presentation in these patients was performed. Results A total of 16 patients including 6 (37.5%) males and 10 (62.5%) females receiving COVID-19 vaccines between 2021 to 2022 were included. The mean age at evaluation was 59.4 ± 15.4 years. Of the 16 patients, 9 (56.3%), 2 (12.5%), 5 (31.3%) of them presented with stromal keratitis, epithelial keratitis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus respectively. Among 8 recurrent cases, the COVID-19 vaccine-related attacks presented severer in 1 (12.5%) patient, equally severe in 2 (25%) patients, and less severe in 5 (62.5%) patients compared to previous infection. Interestingly, 6 (37.5%) patients developed an initial symptomatic herpetic keratitis attack after mixing and matching (COVID-19) vaccination. All of them received oral famciclovir with or without topical steroid eyedrops soon after diagnosis. The majority of them reported no further complication. Conclusions In conclusion, this study demonstrated a possible association between COVID-19 vaccination and primary herpetic infection or reactivation. Early diagnosis and appropriate management help reduce the severity of the disease.

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Section: The Mechanisms Of Herpetic Keratitis Triggered By Covid-19 V...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivation of Herpetic Keratitis by Mixing and Matching Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in Taiwan: A Retrospective Analysis

Chang,

Hung,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Neoprzewaquinone A alters the migration, phagocytosis and energy metabolism of IL-15-induced HMC3 cells

Wang,

Yang,

Sun

et al. 2024

Molecular Immunology

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Varicella Zoster Virus Downregulates Expression of the Nonclassical Antigen Presentation Molecule CD1d

Traves,

Opadchy,

Slobedman

et al. 2023

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background The non-classical antigen presentation molecule CD1d presents lipid antigens to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Activation of these cells triggers a rapid cytokine response providing an interface between innate and adaptive immune responses. The importance of CD1d and iNKT cells in varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection has been emphasised by clinical reports of individuals with CD1d or iNKT cell deficiencies experiencing severe, disseminated varicella post-vaccination. Methods Three strains of VZV, VZV-S, rOka, and VZV rOka-66S were used to infect Jurkat cells. Flow cytometry of VZV- and mock-infected cells assessed the modulatory impact of VZV on CD1d. Infected cell-supernatant and transwell coculture experiments explored the role of soluble factors in VZV-mediated immunomodulation. CD1d transcripts were assessed by RT-qPCR. Results Surface and intracellular flow cytometry demonstrated CD1d was strikingly downregulated by VZV-S and rOka in both infected and VZV antigen-negative cells compared to mock. CD1d downregulation is cell-contact-dependant and CD1d transcripts are targeted by VZV. Mechanistic investigations using rOka-66S (unable to express the viral kinase ORF66), implicate this protein in CD1d modulation in infected cells. Conclusions VZV implements multiple mechanisms targeting both CD1d transcript and protein. This provides evidence of VZV interaction with and manipulation of the CD1d-iNKT cell axis.

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Dynamics of IL‐15/IL‐15R‐α expression in response to HSV‐1 infection reveal a novel mode of viral immune evasion counteracted by iNKT cells

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Reactivation of Herpetic Keratitis by Mixing and Matching Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in Taiwan: A Retrospective Analysis

Reactivation of Herpetic Keratitis by Mixing and Matching Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in Taiwan: A Retrospective Analysis

Neoprzewaquinone A alters the migration, phagocytosis and energy metabolism of IL-15-induced HMC3 cells

Varicella Zoster Virus Downregulates Expression of the Nonclassical Antigen Presentation Molecule CD1d

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