Interatomic or intermolecular
Coulombic decay (ICD) is a nonlocal
electronic decay mechanism occurring in weakly bound matter. In an
ICD process, energy released by electronic relaxation of an excited
atom or molecule leads to ionization of a neighboring one via Coulombic
electron interactions. ICD has been predicted theoretically in the
mid nineties of the last century, and its existence has been confirmed
experimentally approximately ten years later. Since then, a number
of fundamental and applied aspects have been studied in this quickly
growing field of research. This review provides an introduction to
ICD and draws the connection to related energy transfer and ionization
processes. The theoretical approaches for the description of ICD as
well as the experimental techniques developed and employed for its
investigation are described. The existing body of literature on experimental
and theoretical studies of ICD processes in different atomic and molecular
systems is reviewed.