Dynamics of low-viscosity oils retained by rigid and flexible barriers

Amini, Azin; Bollaert, E.; Boillat, Jean-Louis; Schleiss, Anton

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2008.06.010

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The loss rate of the oil captured in the boom increases proportionally to the difference between the tow speed and the loss speed. The majority of previous studies that have estimated the loss rate used empirical forms obtained by the correlation between laboratory data and field data [39,[45][46][47]. The empirical loss rate equation of Lindenmuth et al [47] and Agrawal and Hale [39] was described in terms of dimensionless numbers.…”

Section: Loss Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of a Mechanical Recovery System’s Oil Recovery Capacity by Considering Boom Loss

Kim

Choe

Huh

2019

JMSE

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Ability to estimate the recovery potential of countermeasures is vital in establishing a rational response solution for oil spills at sea. This requires estimation of how much oil can be recovered and the determination of the rational quantities and operating conditions of the response equipment. In this study, a constant loss rate model and a variable loss rate model were developed to estimate the recovery potential of a mechanical oil recovery system, while considering the escape of oil containment booms. The latter model could calculate the speed at which oil loss began to occur and the volume of oil lost. A case study was performed to analyze the significance of oil loss and to calculate changes in recovery potential with respect to adjustable vital variables. The developed model was able to estimate the best operating situation, which optimizes the recovery potential for different response times and environmental conditions. After the oil is spilled offshore, it quickly undergoes spreading and weathering processes, including evaporation, dispersion, and emulsification [11][12][13]. The properties of the oil are strongly influenced by the weathering process, which is governed by environmental conditions. For example, as the weathering process progresses, the evaporation changes the composition of the spilled oil, and the emulsification alters the water fraction of the emulsion. As a consequence, the viscosity increment due to evaporation and emulsification causes degradation of mechanical recovery efficiency. Therefore, the spreading and weathering process should be considered in evaluating recovery performance. Spaulding [12,13] reviewed and analyzed oil transport and fate models, including spreading, evaporation, dissolution, entrainment, emulsification, biodegradation, and sedimentation. Among them, several spreading and weathering models were used in this study to simulate the oil behavior on the sea surface.The purpose of recovery potential estimation is not to predict the exact recovery volume in the given environmental conditions, but to ascertain that the oil recovery volume depends on various factors and to reflect these factors when establishing response strategies [14]. To make a reasonable decision based on the response strategy, it is required to evaluate mechanical recovery capacity. Several previous studies have focused on the recovery potential estimation of skimmers [15][16][17][18].The effective daily recovery capacity (EDRC) is a planning method that estimates the required daily oil recovery capacity for the skimmer to respond to a given spill. The EDRC is calculated by considering the total nameplate capacity of the skimmer, its operating time, and its mobilization efficiency. The performance change due to variations in oil properties and characteristics of the recovery equipment is solely described with the mechanical efficiency, which is considered to be a constant value (0.2) in EDRC. The advantage of EDRC is that it can quickly estimate the capacity of the skimmer required for mobiliza...

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Section: Loss Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is not sufficient to estimate the loss rates of various oil types. Amini et al [45] proposed a loss rate model, according to the draft of the oil boom, the volume of the captured oil, and the oil loss speed at a low viscosity.…”

Section: Loss Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of a Mechanical Recovery System’s Oil Recovery Capacity by Considering Boom Loss

Kim

Choe

Huh

2019

JMSE

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“…The buoyant, floating granules were retained behind a rigid fixed barrier. The discharge was varied to obtain a mean flow velocity upstream of the barrier between 20 and 50 cm/s (Amini 2007, Amini et al 2008. The LECA granules consisted of small, floated particles of burnt clay of high porosity and a mean density of 0.71 t /m 3 .…”

Section: Experimental Set-up and Test Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the framework of a research study on contractible floating barriers to confine and recuperate oil slicks (Amini 2007, Amini et al 2008, beside rapeseed oil also Light Expanded Clay Aggregates (LECA) and plastic, pellets were used to simulate experimentally the behavior of the oil slick behind a barrier under towing conditions. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate how the entrainment of floating granules is assessed by both a shear stress analysis and by numerical simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrainment of floating granules behind a barrier

Amini

Boillat

Schleiss

2009

Journal of Hydraulic Research

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To simulate the retaining capacity of an oil barrier in an uniform flow field, experiments were carried out in a laboratory flume at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions (LCH) by using Light Expanded Clay Aggregates (LECA) and plastic particles. It was demonstrated that under appropriate assumptions for the effects of buoyancy and gravity forces, the Shields approach is suitable to predict both the entrainment of suspended granules behind a barrier and the start of leakage underneath. The phenomenon was also simulated numerically with a multiphase model using a CFD code, Fluent, and the results were compared to those of the physical experiments. The "Eulerian model" multiphase model of FLUENT was selected to simulate the phenomenon. The numerical model successfully predicts the evolution of the slick shape behind the barrier for various flow conditions. The amount of LECA that leaked from the barrier agreed well with the experimental observations. RÉSUMÉ Pour simuler la capacité de fixation d'une barrière à huile dans un écoulement uniforme, des expériences ont été effectuées dans un canal de laboratoire à l'Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Constructions Hydrauliques (LCH) en utilisant des Light Expanded Clay Agrégats (LECA) et des particules en plastique. Il a été démontré que dans le cadre d'hypothèses appropriées pour les effets de flottabilité et les forces de gravité, l'approche de Shields permet de prédire tant l'entraînement de granulés en suspension derrière une barrière que le début de fuite par en dessous. Le phénomène a été également simulé numériquement avec un modèle multiphase utilisant le code de CFD Fluent, et les résultats ont été comparés à ceux des expériences physiques. Le "modèle Eulerien" multiphase de FLUENT a été sélectionné pour simuler le phénomène. Le modèle numérique prédit avec succès l'évolution de la forme de la nappe derrière la barrière pour différentes conditions d'écoulement. Le montant de LECA qui a fuit de la barrière correspondait bien avec les observations expérimentales.

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“…Their containment capability is usually satisfactory in port basins or estuaries sheltered from the action of currents, waves and winds, but often insufficient in unsheltered waters. Under these conditions the efficiency of floating booms can be drastically reduced, and different modes of failure can occur (Amini et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%