Dynamics of microbial biomass and soil fauna in two contrasting soils cropped to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Rutherford, P. Michael; Juma, N. G.

doi:10.1007/bf00257758

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Protozoan populations in the field increase when dry soil is wetted, although this has been linked to the flush of bacterial growth as much as to soil moisture (Clarholm 1981(Clarholm , 1989). Different soils have been shown to have different protozoan populations in the field (Rutherford & Juma, 1989), although it was not possible to identify the individual parameters responsible for the difference. Laboratory studies have shown that soil amoebae respond differently in fine-and coarsetextured soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of soil structure on protozoa in a clay‐loam soil

Griffiths¹,

Young²

1994

European J Soil Science

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Physical disruption of a clay-loam soil by slaking, grinding and compaction was used to determinc the specific effects of soil structure on soil protozoa. Individual air-dry aggregates (1 -2 cm diameter) were wetted slowly, or had their structure disrupted by slaking or grinding. They were then moistened with nutrient solution and incubated, at a matric potential of -10 kPa. The nutrient solution had to supply at least 400 pg C g-' dry soil before protozoan populations increased measurably. Numbers of ciliate protozoa were enhanced by grinding, regardless of the amount of nutrient added. The moisture content and, therefore, the final nutrient concentration of the disrupted aggregates, changed markedly and could account for the observed increase in protozoan biomass from slowly wet to slaked to ground aggregates. There were no differences in protozoan biomass when the applied nutrient concentration was adjusted so that all treatments contained the same amount of nutrient. Soil cores were prepared from sieved (2-4 mm diameter), ground and ground/compacted soil. Thin sections revealed that the pore space accessible to protozoa decreased in these three treatments from 24% to 13% to 9%, respectively. Protozoan biomass was unaffected by grinding but showed a greater than 30-fold decrease following compaction that could not be accounted for solely by the reduced pore space. Grinding and compacting could have favoured anaerobic conditions in the core which would have reduced protozoan activity. Soil structure had no measurable direct effect on protozoan populations, but it had a much greater indirect effect through its influence on moisture content and aeration status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of soil structure on protozoa in a clay‐loam soil

Griffiths¹,

Young²

1994

European J Soil Science

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“…However, the absence of a resident expert or a key to the Canadian fauna has meant that most ecological studies either combine all species under "Collembola," e.g. Pawluk (1986bPawluk ( , 1987, Rutherford and Juma (1989), and Tousignant et al (1988), identify no further than family level (Tomlin and Miller 1987), or group Collembola and mites as "microarthropods" (Fyles et al 1988) as though microarthropods represent either a functional or natural grouping. Ecological studies based on population fluctuations ofindividual I 6 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLoctcAL soctETy oF cANADA No.…”

Section: Status Of Present Knowledgementioning

confidence: 97%

Diversity of Soil Arthropods in Canada: Systematic and Ecological Problems

Behan‐Pelletier¹

1993

Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can.

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Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 165: I I 50 (1993) Data on diversity are fundamental to our understanding of both natural and disturbed ecosystems. Yet, despitc their real and potential importance, knowledge ofthe diversity of non-pterygote soil arthropods in Canada still is very incomplete. This is illustrated with information on diversity fiom ninc non-pterygote arthropod taxa: Tardigrada, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla, Pauropoda, Protura, Collembola, Pseudoscorpionida, and Oribatida, and faunal lists are given for six of these taxa. Although valuable family and generic keys have bcen published recently, few monographic works or userfriendly keys to species are available. Autecological information essential to explaining thc functional role of soil arthropods remains inadequate. Fortunately, the needs of other disciplines and issues are causing a change. For example, current ecological research recognizes that the roles of soil arthropods in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil formation are more complex than prcviously supposed, palaeoecologists require new or corroborating data to interpret their fossil asscmblages, and issues such as agroecosystem management, environmental indicators, and global change require a more thorough knowlcdge of soil communities. Researchers in these areas face poor data on diversity based on inadequate systematics, which limit their understanding of the composition and organisation of soil arthropod communities. This inadcquacy presents both a challenge and an opportunity to soil arthropod systematists and ecologists.Behan-Pelletier, V M 1993. Diversitd des arthropodes du sol au Canada: problbmes taxinomiques et 6cologiques. Mem. ent. Soc. Cun. 165: 1 l-50. R6sum6Des donndes sur la diversit6 sont indispensablcs ir notrc compr6hension des 6cosystdmes, aussi bien les 6cosystdmes intacts que les 6cosystdmes perturb6s. Pourtant, en d6pit de leur importance r6elle et potentiellc, la diversit6 des arthropodes non pterygotes du sol est un ph6nomdnc cncore bien mal connu au Canada. Cctte affirmation est illus-tr6e ici par des donn6es sur ncuf taxons d'arthropodes non pt6rygotcs, Tardigrades, Chilopodes, Diplopodes, Symphylcs, Pauropodes, Protourcs, Collemboles, Pseudo scorpions et Oribates; des listcs faunistiques sont prdscntdes pour six de ces taxons Bien quc des cl6s trds utiles des famillcs et des gcnres aient 6t6 publi6es rdcemment' il existe peu de monographies ou de cl6s d'identification des espdces faciles ir utiliser.L'information auto6cologique essentielle ir la compr6hension du r6lc fbnctionnel des arthropodcs du sol est cncore bien fragmentaire. Heureusemcnt, les besoins et les probldmes reli6s ) d'autres disciplines sont cn train d'apporter des changements. Par exemple, la recherche dcologique actuelle reconnait que lc r6le des arthropodes du sol dans la d6composition, le recyclage des 6l6mcnts nutritifs ct la formation du sol est plus complexe qu'on nc I'avait cru pric6demment, les pal6o6cologistes ont besoin de nouvcllcs donn6es ou de donnics compl6mentaircs pour interprdter ...

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“…Most information that is available derives from studies on changes in community structure of cultivated soil following perturbation (Table 2). These studies involved the effects of pesticides or fertilizers (Marshall 1977;Smith et al 1980;Broadbent and Tomlin 1982) on soil microarthropods, but more recently have included effects of soil type (Rutherford and Juma 1989), cultivation practices, such as tillage (Tousignant et al 1988), no-till (Winter et al 1990;Neave and Fox 1998), rotations (Fyles et al 1988;Tomlin et al 1995;, mulches (Berg and Pawluk 1984), traffic (Fox et al 1999), and grazing pressure (Clapperton et al 2002) on mites and Collembola. However, most studies of this kind in Canada (and in North America in general) have either combined all mites and Collembola as "microarthropods", or identified acarine specimens no further than subordinal level, and Collembola no further than familial level, which minimizes the interpretation and use of the results.…”

Section: Biodiversity In Canadian Agricultural Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acari and Collembola biodiversity in Canadian agricultural soils

Behan-Pelletier¹

2003

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Behan-Pelletier, V. M. 2003. Acari and Collembola biodiversity in Canadian agricultural soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 83: 279-288. In Canadian agricultural soils, mites (Acari) are the most diverse and abundant arthropods. In comparison with other arachnids, mites are notable for their small size, diverse feeding habits, often complex life histories, and the range of habitats in which they live. Collembola are also abundant and diverse in soil and litter, they are in the same size range as the Acari, and for that reason the two groups are often combined in soil ecological studies as "microarthropods". This paper provides a descriptive overview of the state of our knowledge on the taxonomy of these arthropods. It reviews the literature on biology and ecology of microarthropods in Canadian agroecosystems, especially on implications of various agricultural practices for their diversity and population structure. It discusses the research challenges in taxonomy and ecology to address effective use of this biodiversity in Canadian agroecosystems. De taille approximativement identique à celle des acariens, on les combine souvent à eux dans les études sur l'écologie du sol sous l'appellation « micro-arthropodes ». Cet article décrit brièvement l'état de nos connaissances sur la taxonomie de ces arthropodes. L'auteur passe en revue la documentation existante sur la biologie et l'écologie des micro-arthropodes peuplant les écosystèmes agricoles canadiens, en particulier les répercussions des multiples pratiques agricoles sur la diversité et la structure de la population de ces organismes. Il y est question des enjeux de la recherche en taxonomie et en écologie qui permettront une exploitation efficace de cette biodiversité dans les écosystèmes canadiens.

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Dynamics of microbial biomass and soil fauna in two contrasting soils cropped to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

The effects of soil structure on protozoa in a clay‐loam soil

The effects of soil structure on protozoa in a clay‐loam soil

Diversity of Soil Arthropods in Canada: Systematic and Ecological Problems

Acari and Collembola biodiversity in Canadian agricultural soils

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