Dynamics of nuclei of muscle fibers and connective tissue cells in normal and denervated rat muscles

Schmalbruch, Henning; Lewis, D. M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(200004)23:4<617::aid-mus22>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 199 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…During postnatal development, satellite cells divide to provide new myonuclei to the growing muscle fibres before becoming quiescent in mature muscle (Schultz et al, 1978). Satellite cells retain the ability to proliferate and differentiate in response to myonuclear turnover, further growth signals or trauma (Bischoff, 1986;Schmalbruch and Lewis, 2000;Snow, 1977Snow, , 1978. Significantly, many of the factors associated with myogenesis in the embryo, including the MRFs, are also involved in the control of satellite cell differentiation during regeneration of adult muscle (Fuchtbauer and Westphal, 1992;Grounds et al, 1992;Megeney et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Myogenic Regulatory Factors

青井重善¹,

下竹孝志²,

津田知樹³

et al. 2012

Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease

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The myogenic regulatory factor Myf5 is integral to the initiation and control of skeletal muscle formation. In adult muscle, Myf5 is expressed in satellite cells, stem cells of mature muscle, but not in the myonuclei that sustain the myofibre. Using the Myf5 nlacZ/+ mouse, we now show that Myf5 is also constitutively expressed in muscle spindles-stretch-sensitive mechanoreceptors, while muscle denervation induces extensive reactivation of the Myf5 gene in myonuclei. To identify the elements involved in the regulation of Myf5 in adult muscle, we analysed reporter gene expression in a transgenic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) deletion series of the Mrf4/Myf5 locus. A BAC carrying 140 kb upstream of the Myf5 transcription start site was sufficient to drive all aspects of Myf5 expression in adult muscle. In contrast, BACs carrying 88 and 59 kb upstream were unable to drive consistent expression in satellite cells, although expression in muscle spindles and reactivation of the locus in myonuclei were retained. Therefore, as during development, multiple enhancers are required to generate the full expression pattern of Myf5 in the adult. Together, these observations show that elements controlling adult Myf5 expression are genetically separable and possibly distinct from those that control Myf5 during development. These studies are a first step towards identifying cognate transcription factors involved in muscle stem cell regulation. D

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It is known that at any time a small percentage of satellite cells in mature muscle are cycling (Schmalbruch and Lewis, 2000). It is thus possible that the low numbers of hgalactosidase-positive cells detected in BAC88 and BAC59 correspond to this active cell population.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Myogenic Regulatory Factors

青井重善¹,

下竹孝志²,

津田知樹³

et al. 2012

Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease

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“…The process of skeletal muscle repair is a dramatic response to damage [1]. Regeneration is the result of many biological processes, such as inflammation, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and myogenic progenitor cell mediated myogenesis, all of which lead to the reconstitution of functional skeletal muscle tissue [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bex1 knock out mice show altered skeletal muscle regeneration

Koo

Smiley

Lovering

et al. 2007

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Bex1 and Calmodulin (CaM) are upregulated during skeletal muscle regeneration. We confirm this finding and demonstrate the novel finding that they interact in a calcium-dependent manner. To study the role of Bex1 and its interaction with CaM in skeletal muscle regeneration, we generated Bex1 knock out (Bex1-KO) mice. These mice appeared to develop normally and are fertile, but displayed a functional deficit in exercise performance compared to wild type (WT) mice. After intramuscular injection of cardiotoxin, which causes extensive and reproducible myotrauma followed by recovery, regenerating muscles of Bex1-KO mice exhibited elevated and prolonged cell proliferation, as well as delayed cell differentiation, compared to WT mice. Thus, our results provide the first evidence that Bex1-KO mice show altered muscle regeneration, and allow us to propose that the interaction of Bex1 with Ca2+/CaM may be involved in skeletal muscle regeneration.

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“…Myogenin is characterized by regulating the later stages of muscle fibre formation and growth, which culminate in myoblast fusion, myotube formation, and finally, adult muscle fibre differentiation (GROBET et al, 1997;SCHMALBRUCH;LEWIS, 2000). Current investigation showed that myogenin gene expression had a similar pattern to myoD expression: there was no difference between red and white muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Morphology and expression of genes related to skeletal muscle growth in juveniles of pirarucu (<i>Arapaima gigas</i>, Arapaimatidae, Teleostei)</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v35i3.18219

Carani

Duran

Paula

et al. 2013

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Skeletal muscle growth in the pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) is highly interesting to fish farmers because it provides information about how the mechanism in muscle mass increase, characteristic of the species, is regulated. Pirarucu has specific muscle growth that highlights the species's significance and commercial value. Current research evaluates the morphology and the growth-related gene expression in the red and white skeletal muscles of the pirarucu. Muscle samples were collected from the lateral anterior region and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Histological sections were performed and stained by HE for morphological analysis. Red and white muscle samples were used to determine MyoD, myogenin, and myostatin genes expression by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Although MyoD and myogenin were not statistically different in the two types of muscles, myostatin was significantly higher in the white rather than in the red muscle. Results show the muscle growth characteristics of the species and may be helpful for improving aquaculture management programs.Keywords: muscle fibre morphology, myogenic regulatory factors, myostatin, skeletal muscle growth, Arapaima gigas, real time PCR.Morfologia e expressão de genes relacionados ao crescimento do músculo esquelético em juvenis de pirarucu (Arapaima gigas, Arapaimatidae, Teleostei) RESUMO.A caracterização do crescimento muscular no pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) é de elevado interesse para os piscicultores, pois fornece informações de extrema importância sobre como esse mecanismo é regulado e permite o rápido aumento na massa muscular característico da espécie. O pirarucu possui um crescimento muscular típico, o que destaca sua importância e seu valor comercial. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a morfologia e a expressão de genes relacionados ao crescimento da musculatura esquelética vermelha e branca do pirarucu. As amostras de músculo vermelho e branco foram obtidas da região lateral anterior superficial e profunda, respectivamente, e estas foram congeladas em nitrogênio líquido. Para análise morfológica, cortes histológicos obtidos em criostato foram submetidos à coloração com HE. A expressão dos genes MyoD, miogenina e miostatina foi feita por PCR em tempo real após transcrição reversa (RT-qPCR). Em relação à expressão de MyoD e miogenina, não houve diferença estatística na comparação entre os músculos; por outro lado, a expressão da miostatina foi significativamente maior no músculo branco, em comparação com o músculo vermelho. Estes resultados refletem as características de crescimento muscular do pirarucu e podem ser úteis na tentativa de melhorar as condições de criação e a sobrevivência da espécie.Palavras-chave: morfologia das fibras musculares, fatores reguladores miogênicos, miostatina, crescimento muscular, Arapaima gigas, PCR em tempo real.

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Dynamics of nuclei of muscle fibers and connective tissue cells in normal and denervated rat muscles

Cited by 199 publications

References 42 publications

Myogenic Regulatory Factors

Myogenic Regulatory Factors

Bex1 knock out mice show altered skeletal muscle regeneration

<b>Morphology and expression of genes related to skeletal muscle growth in juveniles of pirarucu (<i>Arapaima gigas</i>, Arapaimatidae, Teleostei)</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v35i3.18219

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