Dynamics of pesticides in tropical conditions. 1. Kinetic studies of volatilization, hydrolysis, and photolysis of dieldrin and .alpha.- and .beta.-endosulfan

Singh, Naresh C.; Dasgupta, Tara P.; Roberts, Earle V.; Mansingh, Ajai

doi:10.1021/jf00003a028

Cited by 51 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For this reason, recalcitrant organochlorines such as DDT and g-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) appear to dissipate much faster in the tropics (Table 3). In the case of endosulfan, its dissipation from tropical soils is 3 times as fast as in temperate regions (Raupach et al 2001), and this is largely due to its higher volatilization under tropical conditions (Singh et al 1991). The implications of pesticide volatilization for the local environment may be regarded as positive, because the chemical residues of these compounds will not last too long in the agricultural areas applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, lindane dissipation from Indian soils during the summer season (DT50 ¼ 24-45 d) is 7 times faster than in temperate regions, and this is mainly because of volatilization losses (Samuel and Pillai 1991), which could be as high as 86% of the applied rate (Samuel et al 1988;Tanabe et al 1991). In the case of DDT, volatilization may account for 8 to 30% of the total dissipation in tropical countries (Nair et al 1992) but only 1% in temperate regions, whereas losses of endosulfan by volatilization from tropical soils are estimated at 5 to 20% (Singh et al 1991). On the other extreme, longer half-lives in soils from tropical environments were found in the case of 3 herbicides (chlorthal-dimethyl, anilofos, and oxyfluorfen) and 3 insecticides (carbofuran, fipronil, and parathion), which amount to some 13% of the 46 compounds for which appropriate data was obtained (Table 3).…”

Section: Comparison Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of environmental risks of pesticides between tropical and nontropical regions

Sánchez‐Bayo

Hyne²

2011

Integr Environ Assess Manag

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A comparison of environmental risks of pesticides between tropical and nontropical regions has been performed, using data from the literature and modeling outputs based on the physicochemical properties of the compounds. With a few exceptions, the level of risk of exposure for most pesticides in tropical agriculture is similar to that in other climatic regions of the world. Generally, dissipation of pesticides increases under the warm and wet conditions of the tropics, with most of the dissipation occurring through hydrolysis in water and biological degradation in water and soil. High temperatures in the tropics also foster volatilization rates, whereas high precipitation and poor soils tend to increase losses into runoff and, for certain chemicals, affects their leaching behavior. The environmental risk is determined by a balance of soil types, soil organic carbon, pH, and the rates of degradation in the various environmental compartments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of environmental risks of pesticides between tropical and nontropical regions

Sánchez‐Bayo

Hyne²

2011

Integr Environ Assess Manag

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“…These values for decay times are consistent with wind tunnel measurements by Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft (1993), who found values of less than 1 and about 3 d for the volatilization time scale of technical endosulfan from leaves and soil, respectively. Singh et al (1991) found a much larger value, about 10 d, by exposing the liquid spray mixture in a petri dish on the roof of a laboratory, but this value is not applicable because of the unrealistic exposure technique.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosulfan Transport: II. Modeling Airborne Dispersal and Deposition by Spray and Vapor

et al. 2001

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Endosulfan (C9H6O3Cl6S; 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide) and other agricultural chemicals can be transported from farms to rivers by several airborne pathways including spray drift and vapor transport. This paper describes a modeling framework for quantifying both of these airborne pathways, consisting of components describing the source, dispersion, and deposition phases of each pathway. Throughout, the framework uses economical descriptions consistent with the need to capture the major physical processes. The dispersion of spray and vapor is described by similarity and mass-conservation principles approximated by Gaussian solutions. Deposition of particles to vegetation is described by a single-layer model incorporating contributions from settling, impaction, and Brownian diffusion. Vapor deposition to water surfaces is described by a simple kinetic formulation dependent on an exchange velocity. All model components are tested against available field and laboratory data. The models, and the measurements used for comparisons, both demonstrate that spray drift and vapor transport are significant pathways. The broader context, described in another paper, is an integrative assessment of all transport pathways (both airborne and waterborne) contributing to endosulfan transport from farms to rivers.

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“…Although rare, both isomers of endosulfan can also be hydrolyzed to endosulfan diol. Endosulfan exhibits aquatic half-lives in the order of hours to days in tropical regions (Singh et al 1991). However, in temperate climates, aquatic half-lives extend to months.…”

Section: International Journal Of Environmental Health Research 485mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of endosulfan, dichlorvos, diazinon, and diuron – pesticides used in Jamaica

Barrett

Jaward

2012

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Dynamics of pesticides in tropical conditions. 1. Kinetic studies of volatilization, hydrolysis, and photolysis of dieldrin and .alpha.- and .beta.-endosulfan

Cited by 51 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of environmental risks of pesticides between tropical and nontropical regions

Comparison of environmental risks of pesticides between tropical and nontropical regions

Endosulfan Transport: II. Modeling Airborne Dispersal and Deposition by Spray and Vapor

A review of endosulfan, dichlorvos, diazinon, and diuron – pesticides used in Jamaica

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