Dynamics of pigmentation induction by repeated ultraviolet exposures: dose, dose interval and ultraviolet spectrum dependence

Miller, Sharon A.; Coelho, Sergio G.; Zmudzka, Barbara Z.; Bushar, Harry F.; Yamaguchi, Yuji; Hearing, Vincent J.; Beer, Janusz Z.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08708.x

Cited by 33 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This observation was not surprising because similar trends of L* values had previously been reported in the human skin repetitively irradiated with UV [29]. It is thought that both pigmentation and depigmentation processes, and both inflammatory and antiinflammatory processes might be implicated during the later episodes of UV exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Previously, the a* parameter or erythema index of the skin has been measured to monitor inflammatory erythema [29,30], and the skin thickness has been used as an indicator of inflammatory edema [31,32]. Thus, considering the changes of skin color and thickness as the indirect indices of inflammation, it is thought that PCA might mitigate the UVB-induced inflammatory responses through UVB-shielding effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UVB-Shielding Effects of para-Coumaric Acid

Song¹,

Boo²

2012

Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea

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Recent studies have uncovered attractive properties of para-coumaric acid (PCA) as a potential skin hywhitening agent. The purpose of the current study was to examine its UVB-shielding effects. Effects of PCA on the viability of HaCaT cells exposed to UVB were assessed in vitro in comparison with other aromatic amino acid metabolites that have similar UV absorption spectra. For in vivo test, PCA cream (1.5 %) and cream base were topically applied to the dorsal skin of SKH-1 hairless mice and the inflammatory responses due to UVB exposure were monitored by changes in skin color (erythema) and thickness (edema). The cream application-UVB exposure regimen was repeated every other day for a total of 12 sessions. When HaCaT cells were irradiated with UVB, there was a dose-dependent decline in cell viability. The cell viability decline due to UVB exposure (10 mJ cm -2 ) was significantly prevented by 100 µM PCA, cinnamic acid, urocanic acid, or indole acrylic acid by 39, 27, 39, or 31 %, respectively. Topical application of PCA cream onto the dorsal skin of hairless mice (10 µg cm -2 ) attenuated the changes of color parameters, L*, a*, b* values, and thickness of the UVB (150 mJ cm -2 )-exposed skin by 59, 50, 58, and 53 %, respectively. The current study, together with the previous studies that demonstrated the antimelanogenic effects of PCA, suggested that PCA may prevent not only dyspigmentation but also inflammatory reactions in the UVB-exposed skin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UVB-Shielding Effects of para-Coumaric Acid

Song¹,

Boo²

2012

Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea

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“…Subjects (listed in Table 1) from 2 independent studies (Miller et al , 2008; Wolber et al , 2008) were invited to return for reexamination >1 yr after their initial UV exposures. Areas previously irradiated were identified using photos taken at the time of initial exposure, considering surface features and in some cases, pigmented areas that still remained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Lasting Molecular Changes in Human Skin after Repetitive In Situ UV Irradiation

Brenner

Coelho

Beer

et al. 2009

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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It is known that UV modulates the expression of paracrine factors that regulate melanocyte function in the skin. We have investigated the consequences of repetitive UV exposure of human skin in biopsies of 10 subjects with phototypes 2-3.5 taken 1-4 yr later. The expression of melanogenic factors (TYR, MART1, MITF), growth factors/receptors (SCF/KIT, bFGF/FGFR1, ET1/EDNRB, HGF, GM-CSF), adhesion molecules (β-catenin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin), cell cycle proteins (PCNA, cyclins D1, E2) as well as Bcl-2, DKK1 and DKK3, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Most of those markers showed no detectable changes at ≥1 yr after the repetitive UV irradiation. While increased expression of EDNRB protein was detected in 3 of 10 UV-irradiated subjects, there was no detectable change in the expression of ET1 protein or in EDNRB mRNA levels. In summary, only the expression of TYR, MART1 and/or EDNRB, and only in some subjects, was elevated at ≥1 yr post-UV irradiation. Thus the long-term effects of repetitive UV irradiation on human skin did not lead to significant changes in skin morphology and there is considerable subject-to-subject variation in responses. The possibility that changes in the expression and function of EDNRB triggers downstream activation of abnormal melanocyte proliferation and differentiation deserves further investigation.

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“…The skin of most individuals generates a significant tanning response when repetitively exposed to UV (Parrish et al , 1981; Miller et al , 2008). It was previously reported that different wavelengths of UV induce different levels of modulation of melanocyte-specific markers, presumably via different mechanisms (Schlenz et al , 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Human Skin Pigmentation in situ by Repetitive UV Exposure: Molecular Characterization of Responses to UVA and/or UVB

Choi

Miyamura

Wolber

et al. 2010

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

110

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental factor that affects pigmentation in human skin and can eventually result in various types of UV-induced skin cancers. The effects of various wavelengths of UV on melanocytes and other types of skin cells in culture have been studied but little is known about gene expression patterns in situ following in situe exposure of human skin to different types of UV (UVA and/or UVB). Paracrine factors expressed by keratinocytes and/or fibroblasts that affect skin pigmentation might be regulated differently by UV, as might their corresponding receptors expressed on melanocytes. To test the hypothesis that different mechanisms are involved in the pigmentary responses of the skin to different types of UV, we used immunohistochemical and whole human genome microarray analyses to characterize human skin in situ to examine how melanocyte-specific proteins and paracrine melanogenic factors are regulated by repetitive exposure to different types of UV compared with unexposed skin as a control. The results show that gene expression patterns induced by UVA or UVB are distinct, UVB eliciting dramatic increases in a large number of genes involved in pigmentation as well as in other cellular functions, while UVA had little or no effect on those. The expression patterns characterize the distinct responses of the skin to UVA or UVB, and identify several potential previously unidentified factors involved in UV-induced responses of human skin.

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Dynamics of pigmentation induction by repeated ultraviolet exposures: dose, dose interval and ultraviolet spectrum dependence

Abstract: SummaryBackground-The dynamics of UV-induced melanogenesis have been well-characterized for single UV exposures. However, our knowledge of the effects of repeated UV exposures on the development of new pigmentation is limited.

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

UVB-Shielding Effects of para-Coumaric Acid

UVB-Shielding Effects of para-Coumaric Acid

Long-Lasting Molecular Changes in Human Skin after Repetitive In Situ UV Irradiation

Regulation of Human Skin Pigmentation in situ by Repetitive UV Exposure: Molecular Characterization of Responses to UVA and/or UVB

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