Dynamics of Shock Structure and Frontal Drag Force in a Supersonic Flow Past a Blunt Cone under the Action of Plasma Formation

Znamenskaya, I. A.; Chernikov, V. A.; Azarova, O. A.

doi:10.3390/fluids6110399

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Schlieren (and shadowgraphy or other interferometric techniques, such as Moiré interferometry) takes advantage of the deflection that a collimated light beam experiences when crossing gradients of the index of reflection in a transparent medium, due to discontinuities in the fluid density. Even if it is a rather old technique, developed in the 1860s (Cheshire [205]), it is still often employed in particular to measure heat and mass transfer phenomena (e.g., Pellessier et al [206] employed the Schlieren method for the investigation on pulsed synthetic jets for cooling applications) and to investigate supersonic flows (e.g., Yanhao et al [207] investigated, via a high-speed schlieren system, the influence of the streamwise-pulsed spark discharge array to the incident shock wave/boundary layer interaction; Znamenskaya et al [208] studied, via a schlieren technique and CFD simulations, the plasma formation impact on the supersonic flow over a blunt cone-cylinder).…”

Section: Other Non-intrusive and Quasi-non-intrusive Or Minimally Int...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Laboratory and Numerical Techniques to Simulate Turbulent Flows

Ferrari

Rossi²,

Bernardino

2022

Energies

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Turbulence is still an unsolved issue with enormous implications in several fields, from the turbulent wakes on moving objects to the accumulation of heat in the built environment or the optimization of the performances of heat exchangers or mixers. This review deals with the techniques and trends in turbulent flow simulations, which can be achieved through both laboratory and numerical modeling. As a matter of fact, even if the term “experiment” is commonly employed for laboratory techniques and the term “simulation” for numerical techniques, both the laboratory and numerical techniques try to simulate the real-world turbulent flows performing experiments under controlled conditions. The main target of this paper is to provide an overview of laboratory and numerical techniques to investigate turbulent flows, useful for the research and technical community also involved in the energy field (often non-specialist of turbulent flow investigations), highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the main techniques, as well as their main fields of application, and also to highlight the trends of the above mentioned methodologies via bibliometric analysis. In this way, the reader can select the proper technique for the specific case of interest and use the quoted bibliography as a more detailed guide. As a consequence of this target, a limitation of this review is that the deepening of the single techniques is not provided. Moreover, even though the experimental and numerical techniques presented in this review are virtually applicable to any type of turbulent flow, given their variety in the very broad field of energy research, the examples presented and discussed in this work will be limited to single-phase subsonic flows of Newtonian fluids. The main result from the bibliometric analysis shows that, as of 2021, a 3:1 ratio of numerical simulations over laboratory experiments emerges from the analysis, which clearly shows a projected dominant trend of the former technique in the field of turbulence. Nonetheless, the main result from the discussion of advantages and disadvantages of both the techniques confirms that each of them has peculiar strengths and weaknesses and that both approaches are still indispensable, with different but complementary purposes.

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Section: Other Non-intrusive and Quasi-non-intrusive Or Minimally Int...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Laboratory and Numerical Techniques to Simulate Turbulent Flows

Ferrari

Rossi²,

Bernardino

2022

Energies

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“…The second significant part of the research on plasma aerodynamics is related to the control of the shock-wave structure in a supersonic flow. It is well-known that the pulsed energy input in the discharge is accompanied by the birth of a shock wave and can affect the structure of the external flow [14,15] or the flow in the channel [16]; in this case, the duration of the energy input can be less than a microsecond, and the restoration of the flow structure requires more than 100 µs. When controlling the flow near the compression 2 of 17 surface (in the air intake), the energy input from the plasma actuator can be pulsed [17], or constantly operated, while in both cases, the flow structures change significantly, allowing for optimizing the operation of the air intake in an off-design mode [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal DC Discharge in a Supersonic Flow: Numerical Simulation and Experiment

et al. 2022

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This work focuses on detailed descriptions of DC discharge properties in supersonic airflow and its applicability in combustion simulations. Due to the complexity of obtaining most of the data in the experiment, our experimental research was supplemented by a numerical simulation. Two packages, i.e., FlowVision (fast commercial CFD for 3D engineering) and Plasmaero (2D scientific code developed in JIHT RAS for MHD tasks), were used for modeling the arc DC discharge in a supersonic flow at Mach (M) = 2. Both will be considered for further use in plasma-assisted combustion modeling, so it is important to validate both codes using experimental data from the model configuration with discharge. Axisymmetric geometries of experiments with two coaxial electrodes located parallel to the flow were chosen to avoid the appearance of the current channel part perpendicular to the flow and the corresponding discharge pulsations. Such geometries allow performing numerical simulations in 2D formulation, making it possible to compare the results obtained in the experiments and calculations. As a result of this work, two-dimensional distributions involving temperature, current density, chemical composition, and other discharge and flow parameters were obtained for arc DC discharges 0.5–7 A in a supersonic flow (Pst = 22 kPa, T = 170 K, V~500 m/s). Good qualitative agreement between experimental and numerical results was achieved. The production of a significant amount of atomic oxygen, which accelerates combustion, was noted.

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Near-surface gas discharge effect on a steady bow shock wave position in a supersonic flow past a cylindrically blunted body in the air

2022

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The problem of the bow shock wave control using a near-surface gas discharge in a supersonic flow past a semi-cylindrical body at Mach number M=4 in air is investigated experimentally and numerically. The possibility of controlling the position of a steady bow shock wave and the characteristics of a streamlined body by creating a volumetric plasma region using a surface gas discharge organized on the entire front surface of the body is shown. An increase in stand-off distance of a steady bow shock is experimentally and numerically obtained, which is the greater, the higher the discharge power and the greater the adiabatic index in the plasma region. Comparison of numerical and experimental data showed good agreement. It is established that the relative value of the steady bow shock stand-off distance increases linearly in the power range from 1.5 ×105 W to 2.4×105 W at the discharge current from 430 A to 670 A, and the adiabatic index in the plasma region can be estimated as 1.3. It is also found that at higher values of the discharge power, the adiabatic index in the plasma region decreases. The average plasma parameters were expressed as functions of the discharge specific power and the adiabatic index. Mechanism of the gas discharge effect on the bow shock wave is established and it is shown that the plasma parameters in the region created by the discharge, including the degree of ionization and the degree of nonequilibrium, affect the position of the steady bow shock wave.

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Dynamics of Shock Structure and Frontal Drag Force in a Supersonic Flow Past a Blunt Cone under the Action of Plasma Formation

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

A Review of Laboratory and Numerical Techniques to Simulate Turbulent Flows

A Review of Laboratory and Numerical Techniques to Simulate Turbulent Flows

Longitudinal DC Discharge in a Supersonic Flow: Numerical Simulation and Experiment

Near-surface gas discharge effect on a steady bow shock wave position in a supersonic flow past a cylindrically blunted body in the air

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