Dynamics of soil structure and pore functions of a volcanic ash soil under tillage

Dörner, José; Dec, Dorota; Feest, Enrique; Vásquez, N.; Díaz, M. C.

doi:10.1016/j.still.2012.05.019

Cited by 61 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Therefore, it can be expected that over time they could reach the levels of continuity of untilled pastures, highlighting the high resilience capacity of Andisols after tillage . Moreover, the range of variation of k 2 and k 3 are similar to those presented by Dörner et al (2012) who compared an Andisol under a 15-year old pasture that had been tilled, to establish a wheat crop. They found that throughout the year of the wheat crop, the connectivity of the pore system was improved due to drying and wetting cycles, which highlighted the high resilience of this type of soil.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…They found that throughout the year of the wheat crop, the connectivity of the pore system was improved due to drying and wetting cycles, which highlighted the high resilience of this type of soil. Finally, it was observed that the hydraulic stress increased slightly (non significantly) the continuity of the pores (Figure 3) as a result of the formation of cracks after the drying and wetting processes (Peng et al, 2007;Dörner et al, 2009a,b;Dörner et al, 2012;Chertkov, 2013). This effect was moderate to low, since the stress level applied did not exceed the maximum stress that the studied soil has historically suffered (at least pF 4.2 according Dörner et al, 2013a), a necessary condition to overcome the level of normal shrinkage that allows the crack formation (Peng et al, 2007;Dörner et al, 2011;Chertkov, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Dörner et al (2012) clarified that this phenomenon (reduction of AC to increase PAW) is common in volcanic soils, which have allophane and high amounts of organic C that allow them to have a large volume of pores at different matric potentials due to the bimodal nature of the pore system (Dörner et al, 2010b). This effect, however, was not observed in the homogenized soil (T6), since aggregate destruction caused an increase in the levels of fine pores, similar to what occurs in soils with a high clay content (Armas-Espinel et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional resistance and resilience of the pore system of an andisol exposed to different strategies of pasture improvement under sheep grazing

Ivelic-Sáez

Zúñiga

Valle

et al. 2015

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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In southern Chile, different strategies have been utilized to improve the production levels of degraded pastures. Due to grazing, soils are subjected to mechanical and hydraulic stresses throughout the year. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different strategies to improve a degraded naturalized pasture under sheep grazing on the resistance and resilience of the pore system of an Andisol subjected to mechanical and hydraulic stresses. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from two tilled, seeded and fertilized pastures (T1-T2), a non-tilled degraded and naturalized pasture with no fertilization (T3), a fertilized pasture (T4) and a non-tilledfertilized and ungrazed pasture (T5). Also, cylinders were filled with homogenized soil (T6). The tilled and non-tilled pastures (T1-T5) were able to maintain their functions of storage and transport of water and air as well as their mechanical properties against both stresses. No significant differences between the pasture improvement strategies were observed when evaluated during the second year after the implementation of the improvement strategies, which highlights the high resistance and resilience capacity of the Andisol. However, some tendencies (e.g. while the air capacity and permeability tended to increase following mechanical stress, plant available water increased; the opposite was observed following hydraulic stress) and significant differences (due to the simulated effect of aggregate destruction during tillage, a decrease in air capacity, and an increase in soil shrinkage capacity after compaction were assessed) were observed, which highlight the necessity for further studies to better understand the complex interactions in pasture systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional resistance and resilience of the pore system of an andisol exposed to different strategies of pasture improvement under sheep grazing

Ivelic-Sáez

Zúñiga

Valle

et al. 2015

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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“…Starting at the 10.0 cm depth, the Rp of PA tended to resemble that of BN, which is an indication that the compaction effect lies in the first centimeters of the soil, where the compacting loads are seen. The Rp values obtained in areas subjected to trampling by cattle in this research were much lower than those reported in the first 10 cm in Andisols of Chile (Dorner et al, 2012), with the same conditions. Furthermore, these results are comparable to those reported by Taboada & Lavado (1988) for Andisols in Argentina for both trampled conditions and the control.…”

Section: Pore Size Distributioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…However, a slight increase in the percentage of macropores was seen in PA, along with a slight decrease of micropores in BN; this could be an indication that compaction by trampling occurs at high moisture contents, as seen in the study region, characterized by a high and evenly distributed rainfall, which affects the micropores more intensely. Other researchers (Hamza & Anderson, 2005;Tobón et al, 2010;Alaoui et al, 2011;Dorner et al, 2012) have reported on the fundamental effect of macropores. Table 3 shows the statistics for the determination of Rp, carried out at six depths and for the average of the soils in BN and PA.…”

Section: Pore Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Headwaters Deforestation for Cattle Pastures in the Andes of Colombia and Its Implications for Soils Properties and Hydrological Dynamic

Vásquez-Velásquez¹

2016

OJF

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Deforestation of headwater in the Andes of Colombia is a historical process that has its origins in pre-Hispanic communities and in nineteenth and twentieth centuries, intensified by settlers and farmers. These lands have been intended mainly to pasture cattle. Soil compaction, caused by the trampling of cattle, was evaluated in soils derived from volcanic ash (Andisols), with reference to values found for variables in undisturbed natural forests in the same region. The compared parameters were bulk density (Db), total porosity (α), soil resistance to penetration (Rp) and pore size distribution, analyzed by water retention curves (WRC). The grazed soils had significant differences with respect to the natural forest reference values: Db was 53.7% higher, α was reduced by 11.0% and Rp in the first 7.5 cm of the top soil was more than double, with an average increase of 275.2 to 527.2 kPa. The analysis indicated that compacted soils had relatively uniform reduction in distribution of macro, meso and micropores. It was concluded that deforestation followed by pasture land destination in steep headwaters generates significant compaction processes that can affect the infiltration, percolation and soil water storage, which would have important hydrological implications: augmentation of surface runoff and soil erosion, decreased the base flow and increased direct runoff. For this reasons, it is considered that forest restoration of headwaters is important for the maintenance of hydrological functions of large river systems.

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Water content dynamics in a volcanic ash soil slope in southern Chile

Dörner

Huertas

Cuevas

et al. 2015

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Andisols present exceptional physical properties, making up < 1% of the world's soils. While there is a lot of information about non-volcanic soil properties, research about soils of volcanic origin is limited. Specifically, no major studies have been carried out to improve our knowledge of these soils' hydrological behavior, which is relevant due to the impact of climate change on water resources and to the soil's role in the hydrological cycle. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the water content dynamics of a soil slope derived from volcanic ashes under different land covers. We hypothesized that land cover, rainfall, and air temperature, in addition to the hydraulic properties of the volcanic ash soil, regulate the slope's water content dynamics. Our study was conducted in S Chile, in a fluvial terrace covered by pastures in the uplands, a native forest in the adjacent slope, and a hygrophilous forest in the floodplain at the base of the slope, surrounding a stream. Soil physical properties, such as bulk density (Db), volume of macropores (wCP), plant available water (PAW) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were studied. Rainfall, air temperature, volumetric water content ( Field ) and soil temperature were continuously measured with data loggers. The groundwater level was also measured. Water content dynamics reflect the behavior of rainfall and air/soil temperatures under different land covers, as well as, revealing the specific behavior of volcanic soil's pore system (e.g., Db < 0.9 Mg m -3 ). Soil depths exposed to more intensive and dynamic wetting and drying cycles presented well-defined water release ranges as compared to the pore system of deeper soil horizons. Soils present large water holding capacities (PAW > 24%), however, during summer they can reach volumetric water contents near to the permanent wilting point quickly at a depth of 5 cm. The water table altitude was directly related to the temporal changes of Field measured at a depth of 50 cm, highlighting the fact that the saturated and unsaturated zones are connected.

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Dynamics of soil structure and pore functions of a volcanic ash soil under tillage

Cited by 61 publications

References 44 publications

Functional resistance and resilience of the pore system of an andisol exposed to different strategies of pasture improvement under sheep grazing

Functional resistance and resilience of the pore system of an andisol exposed to different strategies of pasture improvement under sheep grazing

Headwaters Deforestation for Cattle Pastures in the Andes of Colombia and Its Implications for Soils Properties and Hydrological Dynamic

Water content dynamics in a volcanic ash soil slope in southern Chile

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