Dynamics of Specific Antibody Responses Induced in Mallards After Infection by or Immunization With Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses

Fereidouni, Sasan; Grund, Christian; Häuslaigner, Rafaela; Lange, Elke; Wilking, Hendrik; Harder, Timm C.; Beer, Martin; Starick, Elke

doi:10.1637/9263.1

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…A transient spike in NP c-ELISA values in most ducks at 6 mo postinoculation could not be explained, but may have been associated with infection by another non-H6 subtype, or an unusual immune response as the ducks reached sexual maturity. By 8 mo postinoculation the median NP c-ELISA value was just below the positive cutoff for this test, suggesting that NP antibodies are relatively long-lived in ducks, consistent with other studies (1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The influence of long-lasting nucleoprotein (NP) antibodies found in naturally infected mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) on immunity is unclear (1), and whether this is a factor in the phenomenon of cyclic periodicity of LPAIV infection, observed in some waterfowl populations, warrants further study. In their natural avian hosts, LPAIV primarily causes an innocuous, localized infection with intestinal tropism and fecal excretion of virus.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Variation in the Responses of Wild Species of Duck, Gull, and Wader to Inoculation with a Wild-Bird–Origin H6N2 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus

Curran

Robertson

Ellis³

et al. 2013

Avian Diseases

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SUMMARY. There is poor understanding of host responses to avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in wild birds, with most experimental studies using captive-bred birds and highly pathogenic AIVs that have an early endpoint. The objective of this study was to experimentally assess antibody responses and patterns of viral excretion in wild birds challenged with a low pathogenicity AIV. Ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres), silver gulls (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae), and wandering whistling ducks (Dendrocygna arcuata) were challenged with a H6N2 virus, and blood, cloacal, and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were analyzed from each bird over 28 days, with serology conducted on the ducks for a further 7 mo. Nineteen of 22 birds showed evidence of infection, with respiratory infection prevalent in the turnstones and gulls as mostly low titer viral excretion to 4 days postinoculation (DPI) with gastrointestinal replication detected in only one turnstone. In AIV naive ducks, there was gastrointestinal tropism with moderately high titer viral excretion via the cloaca to 6 DPI and low-grade OP viral excretion to 4 DPI. The hemagglutination inhibition antibody response was poor in the ducks, declining from 19 to 56 DPI, with higher titer responses in the gulls and turnstones. All infected birds responded with elevated nucleoprotein antibodies (in competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay) by 7-10 DPI, and in the ducks these waned slowly after 42 DPI and were long-lived to at least 8 mo. The interspecies variability in response was consistent with a subtype that had adapted well in ducks, while the response of the turnstones may have been influenced by preexisting immunity to AIV. These findings provide insight into AIV infection dynamics in wild birds and highlight the need for further research.RESUMEN. Variación en las respuestas de las especies silvestres de pato, gaviota y aves limícolas a la inoculación con un virus de influenza aviar de baja patogenicidad de origen aviar subtipo H6N2.Existe poca información sobre las respuestas del huésped a la infección por el virus de la influenza aviar (AIV) en aves silvestres, con la mayoría de estudios experimentales realizados con aves criadas en cautividad y los virus de influenza aviar de alta patogenicidad que tienen un punto final temprano. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar experimentalmente las respuestas de anticuerpos y los patrones de excreción viral en las aves silvestres expuestas a un virus de influenza aviar de baja patogenicidad. Vuelvepiedras comunes (Arenaria interpres), gaviotas plateadas (Larus novaehollandiae) y yaguasas errantes (Dendrocygna arcuata) fueron expuestas a un virus H6N2, y muestras de sangre, hisopos cloacales y orofaríngeos se analizaron de cada ave durante 28 días, la serología se llevó a cabo en los patos por siete meses. Diecinueve de 22 aves mostraron evidencia de infección, con infección respiratoria frecuente en los vuelvepiedras y en las gaviotas principalmente con excreción viral con título bajo a los cuatro días después de la inocu...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Responses of Wild Species of Duck, Gull, and Wader to Inoculation with a Wild-Bird–Origin H6N2 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus

Curran

Robertson

Ellis³

et al. 2013

Avian Diseases

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“…Best-fit parameter estimates (see the electronic supplementary material, §S7) yielded a mean duration of immunity of approximately six months, consistent with experimental data suggesting that antibodies decline to undetectable levels within about eight months [18]. We assume the average duration of immunity in ruddy turnstones to be 1 year, based on empirical evidence that shows the majority of birds annually arrive in Delaware Bay seronegative and convert while there [41].…”

Section: Immunitysupporting

confidence: 62%

“…They are classified according to two surface glycoproteins-haemagglutinin ('H') and neuraminidase ('N')-with 144 possible subtypes in total (combinations of H1 -H16 and N1 -N9) [16]. The duration and extent of protective immunity following infection are open questions, with experimental work confined to short-term studies [17,18]. (iv) Mixed transmission mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting a wildlife disease hotspot: the impact of multiple host species, environmental transmission and seasonality in migration, breeding and mortality

Brown

Drake

Stallknecht

et al. 2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been implicated in all human influenza pandemics in recent history. Despite this, surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms underlying the maintenance and spread of these viruses in their natural bird reservoirs. Surveillance has identified an AIV 'hotspot' in shorebirds at Delaware Bay, in which prevalence is estimated to exceed other monitored sites by an order of magnitude. To better understand the factors that create an AIV hotspot, we developed and parametrized a mechanistic transmission model to study the simultaneous epizootiological impacts of multi-species transmission, seasonal breeding, host migration and mixed transmission routes. We scrutinized our model to examine the potential for an AIV hotspot to serve as a 'gateway' for the spread of novel viruses into North America. Our findings identify the conditions under which a novel influenza virus, if introduced into the system, could successfully invade and proliferate.

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“…As a comparison, antibody prevalence in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) sampled during these same time periods can exceed 50% and 20%, respectively (Brown et al, 2010;Kistler et al, 2012). Although, the duration of the detectable IAV antibody response is not well defined for wood ducks, and may partially explain the low prevalence, antibodies to IAV nucleoprotein have been detected for more than 1 year in naturally exposed mallards (Fereidouni et al, 2010) and for 21 days in experimentally infected wood ducks and mallards (Costa et al, 2011). These results suggest that wood ducks are probably spillover hosts of IAVs, and it is possible that previously reported isolations of IAV from this species reflect such spillover Hinshaw et al, 1985;Wilcox et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood ducks (Aix sponsa) as potential reservoirs for avian influenza and avian paramyxoviruses

et al. 2015

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Influenza A viruses (IAVs) and avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) are important pathogens of poultry worldwide, and both commonly occur in wild waterfowl, especially ducks in the family Anatidae. Although wood ducks (Aix sponsa) are members of the Anatidae, their behaviour differs from most other species in this family, which could affect the transmission of IAVs and APMVs. We collected cloacal and oropharyngeal swab and blood samples from more than 700 wood ducks across nine states in the eastern United States of America. No IAVs were isolated, and based on blocking enzyme-linked immunoassay ELISA results, antibodies to IAVs were only detected in 0.2% of samples. In contrast, 23 (3%) APMVs were isolated (22 Newcastle disease virus and 1 APMV-6), and antibodies to multiple serotypes of APMVs were detected in more than 60% of the samples. After-hatch-year birds were more likely to be antibody positive for APMV-4 and APMV-6 compared to hatch-year birds. Female birds were more likely to be antibody positive for APMV-4 than were male birds. Our results indicate that wood ducks are probably not an important host for IAV but are frequently infected with APMVs.

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Dynamics of Specific Antibody Responses Induced in Mallards After Infection by or Immunization With Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Variation in the Responses of Wild Species of Duck, Gull, and Wader to Inoculation with a Wild-Bird–Origin H6N2 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus

Variation in the Responses of Wild Species of Duck, Gull, and Wader to Inoculation with a Wild-Bird–Origin H6N2 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus

Dissecting a wildlife disease hotspot: the impact of multiple host species, environmental transmission and seasonality in migration, breeding and mortality

Wood ducks (Aix sponsa) as potential reservoirs for avian influenza and avian paramyxoviruses

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