Dynamics of the main parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and possible causes of its disorders in the autumn and winter periods in modern residents of the North

Abstract

To assess the reserve capacity of the body from a physiological point of view, it is important to study the specific “northern” hormone metabolic profile of the body during critical (autumn and winter) periods in apparently healthy individuals born and living in the North.The aim of the work. To study the main parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, as well as possible causes of its disorders in the dynamics of autumn and winter periods in men living in the North.Materials and methods. The autumn (October) and winter (December) stages of the study included 45 men (mean age 40.0 ± 0.8 years) permanently residing in the Magadan Region. We used chemiluminescent immunoassay, enzymatic method and immunochromatographic assay.Results of the study. It was found that the average values of carbohydrate metabolism parameters in the examined male northern residents are comparable with the standard ranges with a shift towards higher values relative to the established limits and do not meet the main criteria of the “polar metabolic type”. “Polar metabolic type” is characterized by hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia against the background of elevated serum cortisol values. It is shown that during the critical period of the year from October to December (temperature transition through zero) against the background of relative “hypercortisolism”, activation of the insular apparatus of the pancreas is observed, accompanied by an increase in the insulin level, as well as the development of insulin resistance in the absence of compensatory secretion of β-cells of the pancreas. At the same time, the presence of signs of insulin resistance in northern male residents in the winter period may be determined by an imbalance towards greater dominance of the sympathetic nervous system, formed as a response to the critical period of the year.Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the formation of a transformed “northern” hormone metabolic profile of the body of a modern resident of the North, which should be considered as a certain adaptive response to the modern modification of the socio-economic lifestyle of northern residents (hypodynamia, overeating, etc.).