“…When the studies examining the relationship between the VIX index and the stock indices are concerned, some studies have determined just the existence of relationship (Baykut & Diyar, 2021;Kaya, 2015;Lin & Chang, 2010), while some studies have posited that there is negative relationship between the variables (Akgüneş, 2021b;Chandra & Thenmozhi, 2015;Ersin et al, 2022;Giot, 2005;González & Novales, 2009;Kaya & Çoşkun, 2015;Kula & Baykut, 2017;Nefelli & Resta, 2018;Sarwar, 2012;Uçar & Kıdemli, 2021). In some of the studies on the causality relationship between stock indices and VIX index, one-way causality was found (Erdoğdu & Baykut, 2016;Kaya & Çoşkun, 2015;Ögel & Fındık, 2020;Öner et al, 2018), some other studies, whereas, detected bidirectional causality (Emna & Myriam, 2017;Öner et al, 2018;Ozair, 2014).…”