Dynamics of the root/soil pathogens and antagonists in organic and integrated production of potato

Abstract

Microbial communities in the root, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in potato, in organic and integrated production systems, were compared at the emergence and flowering phases of plant development. Microorganisms were identified on the basis of their morphology. The dominant groups included Clonostachys + Gliocladium + Trichoderma, Fusarium + Gibberella + Haematonectria + Neonectria, Paecilomyces, Penicillium and Phoma. Microbial density at the flowering phase was often significantly greater in roots and non-rhizosphere soil than in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere. Diversity of the communities often remained stable or was greater at the emergence phase. The density of bacteria changed with time. The density of Pseudomonas often decreased while Streptomyces significantly increased with time. Changes in densities of pathogens and antagonists decreased the suppressiveness of the habitat towards soil-borne potato pathogens at the flowering phase. The study contributes information that will help to: (a) understand the epidemiology of some potato diseases, (b) make decisions on the economic and ecological aspects of chemical control in potato, (c) develop strategies for manipulation of the soil microbial environment as a viable crop management technique, and (d) develop prognosis models for potato diseases in central Europe.

Meta‐analysis of deep‐sequenced fungal communities indicates limited taxon sharing between studies and the presence of biogeographic patterns

“…2a,b). Campbell et al (2013); 3, Cannon & Kirk (2007);4, Desnos-Ollivier et al (2006); 5, Kirk et al (2008); 6, Lenc et al (2011);7, Lenc et al (2012); 8, Marino et al (2008);9, Niwata et al (2002);10, Rold an et al (1989);11, Rossman et al (1999);12, Seifert et al (2011);13, Selosse et al (2008);14, Webster & Weber (2007);15, Werner et al (2012); 16, Zycha & Siepmann (1969).…”

Volatile Mediated Interactions Between Bacteria and Fungi in the Soil

“…1 plant root, 2 bacteria, 3 fungi, 4 ciliates, 5 amoeba, 6 nematodes, 7 moos, 8 wild boar, 9 plant leaves, 10 plant flowers, 11 insects dense and diverse population of microbiota, including bacteria and fungi (Koske and Gemma, 1992;Chen et al, 2004;Gregory, 2006;Brimecombe et al, 2007;Nannipieri et al, 2007;Hussain and Hasnain, 2011). Bacteria adhere to the root surface itself (rhizoplane) and colonize a narrow soil zone around the plant root (rhizosphere) (Lenc et al, 2011). They benefit from a constant flow of organic substrates, but in return promote plant growth by providing soluble inorganic nutrients and producing growth-promoting factors (Brimecombe et al, 2007;Nannipieri et al, 2007;Compant et al, 2010).…”

Bacterial-Plant-Interactions: Approaches to Unravel the Biological Function of Bacterial Volatiles in the Rhizosphere

“…Due to this so called rhizodeposition, they attract a tremendous diversity of microorganisms (Perry et al, 2007 ). Bacteria preferably colonize the root itself (rhizoplane) and the adjunct soil zone (rhizosphere; Lenc et al, 2011 ; Bulgarelli et al, 2013 ; Reinhold-Hurek et al, 2015 ) representing thereby a crucial link between the plant roots and the surrounding soil. They take advantage of a constant flow of organic plant-based substrates, but in return promote plant growth by providing soluble inorganic nutrients and producing growth-promoting factors (Strzelczyk and Pokojska-Burdziej, 1984 ; Arshad and Frankenberger, 1988 ; O'Sullivan and O'Gara, 1992 ; van Rhijn and Vanderleyden, 1995 ; Spaink et al, 1998 ; Brimecombe et al, 2007 ; Nannipieri et al, 2007 ; Compant et al, 2010 ).…”