Dynamics of Transmission of Urban Arbovirus Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya in Southwestern Region of Bahia, Brazil

Souza, Jose Herberto M; Barros, TÁcita B; Almeida, Palloma Porto; Vieira, Suze C A; Melo, Fabrício Freire de; Silva, Robson A A; Tomazi, Laize

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120200670

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Arboviruses are distributed worldwide [ 1 ] with some viruses showing restricted geographical distribution ( Figure 1 ). However, as a result of environmental destruction, the travel boom, deforestation, urbanization and failure of vector control programs, arboviruses have expanded into areas not previously seen [ 2 ]. Due to the severity and global distribution of arboviral disease, it is vital to have sensitive and rapid diagnostics tests available to determine the causative agent responsible for infection and the implementation of control strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Advances in Arbovirus Diagnostics

2023

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Arboviruses are a diverse family of vector-borne pathogens that include members of the Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, Phenuviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Reoviridae, Asfarviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Poxviridae families. It is thought that new world arboviruses such as yellow fever virus emerged in the 16th century due to the slave trade from Africa to America. Severe disease-causing viruses in humans include Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Numerous methods have been developed to detect the presence of these pathogens in clinical samples, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), lateral flow assays (LFAs) and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Most of these assays are performed in centralized laboratories due to the need for specialized equipment, such as PCR thermal cyclers and dedicated infrastructure. More recently, molecular methods have been developed which can be performed at a constant temperature, termed isothermal amplification, negating the need for expensive thermal cycling equipment. In most cases, isothermal amplification can now be carried out in as little as 5–20 min. These methods can potentially be used as inexpensive point of care (POC) tests and in-field deployable applications, thus decentralizing the molecular diagnosis of arboviral disease. This review focuses on the latest developments in isothermal amplification technology and detection techniques that have been applied to arboviral diagnostics and highlights future applications of these new technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Advances in Arbovirus Diagnostics

2023

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“…In the last 8 years, Brazil has been a protagonist in infection caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in America. 1 The spread of the disease in South America is critical and out of control, mainly in Brazil that represents 94% of confirmed chikungunya cases. 2 3 Until 2021, the Brazilian Ministry of Health continues to monitor the occurrence of chikungunya, and from December 2019 to April 2020, 17 636 chikungunya cases were recorded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 3 Until 2021, the Brazilian Ministry of Health continues to monitor the occurrence of chikungunya, and from December 2019 to April 2020, 17 636 chikungunya cases were recorded. 1 The re-emergence of chikungunya has become an increasing medical and economic problem in endemic areas. 4 The acute phase (<7 days) of chikungunya fever is usually characterised by sudden high fever, polyarthritis, tenderness, headache, myalgia, maculopapular rash and vomiting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last 8 years, Brazil has been a protagonist in infection caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in America 1. The spread of the disease in South America is critical and out of control, mainly in Brazil that represents 94% of confirmed chikungunya cases 2 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spread of the disease in South America is critical and out of control, mainly in Brazil that represents 94% of confirmed chikungunya cases 2 3. Until 2021, the Brazilian Ministry of Health continues to monitor the occurrence of chikungunya, and from December 2019 to April 2020, 17 636 chikungunya cases were recorded 1. The re-emergence of chikungunya has become an increasing medical and economic problem in endemic areas 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ten sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation for chronic chikungunya arthralgia: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial

Nascimento

Cavalcante

Araújo³

et al. 2022

BMJ Open

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IntroductionThe chikungunya virus infection is still an epidemic in Brazil with an incidence of 59.4 cases per 100 000 in the Northeast region. More than 60% of the patients present relapsing and remitting chronic arthralgia with debilitating pain lasting for years. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) appears promising as a novel neuromodulation approach for pain-related networks to alleviate pain in several pain syndromes. Our objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of tDCS (C3/Fp2 montage) on pain, muscle strength, functionality and quality of life in chronic arthralgia.Methods and analysisThis protocol is a single-centre, parallel-design, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Forty participants will be randomised to either an active or sham tDCS. A total of 10 sessions will be administered over 2 weeks (one per weekday) using a monophasic continuous current with an intensity of 2 mA for 20 min. Participants will be evaluated at baseline, after the 10th session, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after intervention. Primary outcome: pain assessed using numeric rating scale and algometry. Secondary outcomes: muscle strength, functionality and quality of life. The effects of stimulation will be calculated using a mixed analysis of variance model.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairí, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (No. 2.413.851) and registered on the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials. Study results will be disseminated through presentations at conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberRBR-469yd6.

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Perinatal dengue and Zika virus cross-sectional seroprevalence and maternal-fetal outcomes among El Salvadoran women presenting for labor-and-delivery

Lynn,

Aquino,

Rivas

et al. 2024

matern health, neonatol and perinatol

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Background Despite maternal flavivirus infections’ linkage to severe maternal and fetal outcomes, surveillance during pregnancy remains limited globally. Further complicating maternal screening for these potentially teratogenic pathogens is the overwhelming subclinical nature of acute infection. This study aimed to understand perinatal and neonatal risk for poor health outcomes associated with flaviviral infection during pregnancy in El Salvador. Methods Banked serologic samples and clinical results obtained from women presenting for labor and delivery at a national referent hospital in western El Salvador March to September 2022 were used for this study. 198 samples were screened for dengue and Zika virus IgM, and statistical analyses analyzed demographic and clinical outcome associations with IgM positivity. Results This serosurvey revealed a high rate of maternal flavivirus infection—24.2% of women presenting for labor and delivery were dengue or Zika virus IgM positive, suggesting potential infection within pregnancy. Specifically, 20.2% were Zika virus IgM positive, 1.5% were dengue virus IgM positive, and 2.5% were both dengue and Zika virus IgM positive. Women whose home had received mosquito abatement assistance within the last year by the ministry of health were 70% less likely to test IgM positive (aOR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.10, 0.83). Further, statistical geospatial clustering revealed transmission foci in six primary municipalities. Pregnancy complications and poor birth outcomes were noted among the dengue and/or Zika virus maternal infection group, although these outcomes were not statistically different than the seronegative group. None of the resulting neonates born during this study were diagnosed with congenital Zika syndrome. Conclusions The high rate of Zika virus detected among pregnant women and the lack of Zika-specific neonatal outcomes monitoring during a non-outbreak year highlights the need for continued surveillance in Central America and among immigrant mothers presenting for childbirth from these countries. As changing climatic conditions continue to expand the range of the disease vector, asymptomatic screening programs could be vital to early identification of outbreaks and clinical management of cases.

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Dynamics of Transmission of Urban Arbovirus Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya in Southwestern Region of Bahia, Brazil

Abstract: Arboviral diseases are disseminated all over the world. In Brazil, they remain neglected, alerting public authorities to possible outbreaks. Over here, we report the

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Latest Advances in Arbovirus Diagnostics

Latest Advances in Arbovirus Diagnostics

Ten sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation for chronic chikungunya arthralgia: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial

Perinatal dengue and Zika virus cross-sectional seroprevalence and maternal-fetal outcomes among El Salvadoran women presenting for labor-and-delivery

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