Dynamics of twist effect in a dual-frequency nematic liquid crystal

Fiber Laser Based on Electronically Controlled Phase Plates

“…When an electric field is applied to the cell, the director turns around and the transmission is weakened. When the director is in a vertical position (θp = 90°), light does not pass through this structure [3][4][5][6][7][8]. In case the direction of the director on the front substrate of the LC cell, placed between the polarizer and the analyzer parallel to it, coincides with the axis of the polarizer, then the intensity of the light transmitted through the cell will be equal to [4]:…”

“…It can be seen from the curve that Uop = 2 V. In the region of voltages greater than U  10 V, the director in the LC volume is completely reoriented at  = 0 angle, that is, the operating voltage range does not exceed 10.5 V: for LC control, the operating voltage range should match 2 V to 10.5 V. For a theoretical study of the polarization control using an LC cell, the solution of the Oseen-Frank equation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] is used:…”