Dynamics of Vibrio with Virulence Genes Detected in Pacific Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) Off California: Implications for Marine Mammal Health

Hughes, Stephanie N.; Greig, Denise J.; Miller, Woutrina A.; Byrne, Barbara A.; Gulland, Frances M. D.

doi:10.1007/s00248-013-0188-1

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Additional microbes of concern in SRKW exhaled breath samples included pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus 22 and opportunistic pathogenic species of Aspergillus spp. 23 , which are associated with mortality in Rachycentron canadum 22 and pulmonary disease in bottle nose dolphins 23 , respectively, and have previously been recovered from other stranded and live captured marine mammal species 24–26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Microbiome of Endangered Southern Resident Killer Whales and Microbiota of Surrounding Sea Surface Microlayer in the Eastern North Pacific

Raverty

Rhodes

Zabek

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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In the Salish Sea, the endangered Southern Resident Killer Whale (SRKW) is a high trophic indicator of ecosystem health. Three major threats have been identified for this population: reduced prey availability, anthropogenic contaminants, and marine vessel disturbances. These perturbations can culminate in significant morbidity and mortality, usually associated with secondary infections that have a predilection to the respiratory system. To characterize the composition of the respiratory microbiota and identify recognized pathogens of SRKW, exhaled breath samples were collected between 2006–2009 and analyzed for bacteria, fungi and viruses using (1) culture-dependent, targeted PCR-based methodologies and (2) taxonomically broad, non-culture dependent PCR-based methodologies. Results were compared with sea surface microlayer (SML) samples to characterize the respective microbial constituents. An array of bacteria and fungi in breath and SML samples were identified, as well as microorganisms that exhibited resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. The SML microbes and respiratory microbiota carry a pathogenic risk which we propose as an additional, fourth putative stressor (pathogens), which may adversely impact the endangered SRKW population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Microbiome of Endangered Southern Resident Killer Whales and Microbiota of Surrounding Sea Surface Microlayer in the Eastern North Pacific

Raverty

Rhodes

Zabek

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Both the persistence and abundance of vibrios are related to several parameters, whose influence can differ according to the geographic region . Moreover, the available dissolved organic matter and the plankton, temperature and salinity seem to be related to the abundance, distribution, and persistence of Vibrio populations in aquatic environments (Eiler et al 2006;Hughes et al 2013), although the different species vary in both minimal Na + concentrations and temperature requirements (Farmer et al 2005;Urakawa and Rivera 2006). The ability to enter a viable but not culturable state (Rollins and Colwell 1986) prolongs their survival in the environment, especially during winter (Maugeri et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Species diversity, spatial distribution, and virulence associated genes of culturable vibrios in a brackish coastal Mediterranean environment

et al. 2015

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The Vibrio genus is widespread in marine and brackish environments, and several species are human and animal pathogens of global importance. Vibrios adapt rapidly to many environmental stresses, so that brackish environments can be both a suitable niche and a possible reservoir for them. To test the occurrence of culturable vibrios and their\ud possible correlation with environmental factors in a temperate brackish environment, a 1year sampling study was performed in three brackish ponds located along the Central Thyrrenian coast in the Macchiatonda Nature Reserve (Santa Marinella, district of Rome, Italy). Molecular methods were used to detect Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio arahaemolyticus,\ud and Vibrio vulnificus pathogenicity associated genes among the Vibrio isolates. Out of 130 Vibrio isolates identified by sequencing a recA fragment, 70 harbored virulence associated genes including ctx, ace, tcpA, tdh, trh, vvhA, vllY, and toxRS, so confirming the spread of virulence determinants across the environmental isolates. Ecological analysis showed that, although the water temperature is known to be a strong predictor of abundance and distribution of vibrios, its influence accounts for 27 % of the observed variance in the Macchiatonda samples, increasing to 40 % when combined with salinity

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“…Despite the growing importance of microorganisms as agents of infectious diseases in aquatic mammals, as well as their use as indicators of the health of aquatic ecosystems (Bossart 2010), studies on the virulence features of bacteria and fungi from these animals are still scarce. Hughes et al (2013), for example, reported the presence of virulence genes in Vibrio strains from harbor seals in California, while Cordeiro et al (2014) have assessed the production of virulence factors by C. tropicalis from veterinary sources, including cetaceans stranded in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Resistance and Virulence Among Candida spp. from Captive Amazonian manatees and West Indian Manatees: Potential Impacts on Animal and Environmental Health

et al. 2016

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This work aimed at evaluating the antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence factors by Candida spp. isolated from sirenians in Brazil. The isolates (n = 105) were recovered from the natural cavities of Amazonian and West Indian manatees and were tested for the susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and fluconazole and for the production of phospholipases, proteases, and biofilm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for amphotericin B ranged from 0.03 to 1 µg/mL, and no resistant isolates were detected. Itraconazole and fluconazole MICs ranged from 0.03 to 16 µg/mL and from 0.125 to 64 µg/mL, respectively, and 35.2% (37/105) of the isolates were resistant to at least one of these azole drugs. Concerning the production of virulence factors, phospholipase activity was observed in 67.6% (71/105) of the isolates, while protease activity and biofilm production were detected in 50.5% (53/105) and 32.4% (34/105) of the isolates, respectively. Since the natural cavities of manatees are colonized by resistant and virulent strains of Candida spp., these animals can act as sources of resistance and virulence genes for the environment, conspecifics and other animal species, demonstrating the potential environmental impacts associated with their release back into their natural habitat.

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Dynamics of Vibrio with Virulence Genes Detected in Pacific Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) Off California: Implications for Marine Mammal Health

Abstract: Hughes, Stephanie Nichole, "Dynamics of Vibrio with virulence genes detected in Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) off California: implications for marine mammal health" (2012

Cited by 15 publications

References 73 publications

Respiratory Microbiome of Endangered Southern Resident Killer Whales and Microbiota of Surrounding Sea Surface Microlayer in the Eastern North Pacific

Respiratory Microbiome of Endangered Southern Resident Killer Whales and Microbiota of Surrounding Sea Surface Microlayer in the Eastern North Pacific

Species diversity, spatial distribution, and virulence associated genes of culturable vibrios in a brackish coastal Mediterranean environment

Antifungal Resistance and Virulence Among Candida spp. from Captive Amazonian manatees and West Indian Manatees: Potential Impacts on Animal and Environmental Health

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