Dynapenic abdominal obesity is associated with mild cognitive impairment in patients with cardiometabolic disease: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Dementia is an important health issue for older people and requires early intervention in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage to manage risk factors. Both dynapenia (DP) and abdominal obesity (AO) are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the association between MCI and dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO), a combination of DP and AO. Methods A total of 417 older outpatients with cardiometabolic diseases without severe cognitive impairment were studied to compare cognitive function in four groups: control, DP, AO, and DAO groups. DAO was defined as the combination of DP (handgrip strength of < 28 kg and < 18 kg in men and women, respectively) and AO (waist circumference of ≥ 85 cm and ≥ 90 cm in men and women, respectively). MCI was defined as a score of ≤ 25 in the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine if MCI was independently associated with DAO, low handgrip strength, or high waist circumference. Results The DAO group obtained the lowest cognitive test scores and had the highest prevalence of MCI. Furthermore, after adjusting for covariates, the logistic regression analysis showed that patients in the DAO group were at an increased risk of MCI (odds ratio [OR] = 3.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–13.77). Further logistic regression analyses revealed that both low handgrip strength (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.11–4.29) and high waist circumference (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.03–3.99) were associated with MCI. Conclusions DAO, which can be easily diagnosed by a combination of handgrip strength and waist circumference, was associated with MCI in patents with cardiometabolic metabolic disease. This study suggests that screening for MCI in DAO patients could be important for early intervention of dementia prevention.

Association between sedentary behavior and dynapenic abdominal obesity among older adults from low- and middle-income countries

“…Our novel finding that sedentary behavior is associated with an increase in odds for DAO is indeed an important finding as DAO has been shown to be related with multiple detrimental health outcomes, including, for example, cognitive impairment, falls, disability, and premature mortality [ 3 , 5 , 6 ].…”

“…Dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO) is defined as the coexistence of abdominal obesity and low muscle strength [1], and its prevalence has been reported to be high in the general population, particularly among older adults [2]. DAO is an emerging important risk concept as recent studies have shown that this condition is associated with a high risk for a myriad of adverse health outcomes including falls [3,4], cognitive impairment [5], worsening disability, and premature mortality [6]. Given this, it is particularly important to identify risk factors of DAO among the older population to Extended author information available on the last page of the article sedentary behavior can lead to central obesity, while sedentary behavior can potentially cause low muscle strength via absence of muscle contractile activity, and other physiological consequences on muscle metabolism [11].…”

Sex Differences in the Impact of Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity on Mild Cognitive Impairment among Korean Elderly in the Community

“…This process generates DAO in the elderly, which is an important health problem, acting as a mediating factor that changes brain structure and function and affects cognitive function [ 5 , 14 ]. In this study, no significant relationship was found between abdominal circumference alone and MCI.…”

“…In a previous study, it was demonstrated that DAO was related to MCI. However, sex differences were not confirmed because the analysis was not categorized by sex in that study [ 14 ]. Considering these characteristics in women, this study aims to determine the relationship between AO, DP, DAO, and MCI by considering differences in sex and analyzing how these relationships differ.…”

“…In previous studies, research has linked DP to a decline in cognitive function [ 11 ], and abdominal obesity (AO) in the elderly has been associated with an elevated risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, irrespective of body mass index (BMI) [ 12 , 13 ]. Dynapenic AO (DAO), a combination of DP and AO, has been shown to exert an additional deteriorating impact on cognitive function compared to either sarcopenia or obesity alone [ 14 ].…”