Dynein is a motor for nuclear rotation while vimentin IFs is a “brake”

Gerashchenko, Maxim V.; Chernoivanenko, Ivan S.; Moldaver, M. V.; Минин, А. А.

doi:10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.06.020

Cited by 37 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Motor protein complexes are involved in rotating and positioning nuclei within cells. Gerashchenko et al (2009) showed that active nuclear rotation depends on dynein and microtubules, while vimentin intermediate filament proteins act to stabilise nuclear orientation and connect the nucleus to the cytoskeleton.…”

Section: Nuclear Position Within the Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear morphologies: their diversity and functional relevance

2016

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Studies of chromosome and genome biology often focus on condensed chromatin in the form of chromosomes and neglect the non-dividing cells. Even when interphase nuclei are considered, they are often then treated as interchangeable round objects. However, different cell types can have very different nuclear shapes, and these shapes have impacts on cellular function; indeed, many pathologies are linked with alterations to nuclear shape. In this review, we describe some of the nuclear morphologies beyond the spherical and ovoid. Many of the leukocytes of the immune system have lobed nuclei, which aid their flexibility and migration; smooth muscle cells have a spindle shaped nucleus, which must deform during muscle contractions; spermatozoa have highly condensed nuclei which adopt varied shapes, potentially associated with swimming efficiency. Nuclei are not passive passengers within the cell. There are clear effects of nuclear shape on the transcriptional activity of the cell. Recent work has shown that regulation of gene expression can be influenced by nuclear morphology, and that cells can drastically remodel their chromatin during differentiation. The link between the nucleoskeleton and the cytoskeleton at the nuclear envelope provides a mechanism for transmission of mechanical forces into the nucleus, directly affecting chromatin compaction and organisation.

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Section: Nuclear Position Within the Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear morphologies: their diversity and functional relevance

2016

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“…Such forces likely originate in the cytoskeleton, which is known to link to the nuclear surface through the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton to cytoskeleton) complex (17)(18)(19). Candidates for shaping the nucleus include microtubule motors that can shear the nuclear surface (20,21) and intermediate filaments that can passively resist nuclear shape changes by packing around the nuclear envelope or transmitting forces from actomyosin contraction to the nuclear surface (22,23). The actomyosin cytoskeleton that can push (24), pull (25,26), or shear and drag the nuclear surface (27,28) is also assumed to be a significant component of the nuclear shaping machinery in the cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving Cell Boundaries Drive Nuclear Shaping during Cell Spreading

Lovett

Zhang

et al. 2015

Biophysical Journal

100

155

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The nucleus has a smooth, regular appearance in normal cells, and its shape is greatly altered in human pathologies. Yet, how the cell establishes nuclear shape is not well understood. We imaged the dynamics of nuclear shaping in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Nuclei translated toward the substratum and began flattening during the early stages of cell spreading. Initially, nuclear height and width correlated with the degree of cell spreading, but over time, reached steady-state values even as the cell continued to spread. Actomyosin activity, actomyosin bundles, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, as well as the LINC complex, were all dispensable for nuclear flattening as long as the cell could spread. Inhibition of actin polymerization as well as myosin light chain kinase with the drug ML7 limited both the initial spreading of cells and flattening of nuclei, and for well-spread cells, inhibition of myosin-II ATPase with the drug blebbistatin decreased cell spreading with associated nuclear rounding. Together, these results show that cell spreading is necessary and sufficient to drive nuclear flattening under a wide range of conditions, including in the presence or absence of myosin activity. To explain this observation, we propose a computational model for nuclear and cell mechanics that shows how frictional transmission of stress from the moving cell boundaries to the nuclear surface shapes the nucleus during early cell spreading. Our results point to a surprisingly simple mechanical system in cells for establishing nuclear shapes.

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“…IF do, however, participate in a variety of trafficking events, including sorting of endo-lysosomes, mitochondria, and Golgi stacks [29], targeting of proteins to specific locations [29], and transmission of signals from the periphery to the nucleus for gene expression control [30]. IF are also crucial for proper shaping [31], positioning [32] and anchoring [33] of the nucleus, and to reduce the impact of mechanical and other types of stress on key cellular activities [13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpesviruses and Intermediate Filaments: Close Encounters with the Third Type

Hertel¹

2011

Viruses

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Intermediate filaments (IF) are essential to maintain cellular and nuclear integrity and shape, to manage organelle distribution and motility, to control the trafficking and pH of intracellular vesicles, to prevent stress-induced cell death, and to support the correct distribution of specific proteins. Because of this, IF are likely to be targeted by a variety of pathogens, and may act in favor or against infection progress. As many IF functions remain to be identified, however, little is currently known about these interactions. Herpesviruses can infect a wide variety of cell types, and are thus bound to encounter the different types of IF expressed in each tissue. The analysis of these interrelationships can yield precious insights into how IF proteins work, and into how viruses have evolved to exploit these functions. These interactions, either known or potential, will be the focus of this review.

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Dynein is a motor for nuclear rotation while vimentin IFs is a “brake”

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Nuclear morphologies: their diversity and functional relevance

Nuclear morphologies: their diversity and functional relevance

Moving Cell Boundaries Drive Nuclear Shaping during Cell Spreading

Herpesviruses and Intermediate Filaments: Close Encounters with the Third Type

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