Dysbiosis characteristics of gut microbiota in cerebral infarction patients

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to investigate the dysbiosis characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with cerebral infarction (CI) and its clinical implications.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Stool samples were collected from 79 CI patients and 98 healthy controls and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to identify stool microbes. Altered compositions and functions of gut microbiota in CI and its correlation with clinical features were investigated. Random forest and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to develop a diagnostic model.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Microbiota diversity and structure between CI patients and healthy controls were overall similar. However, butyrate-producing bacteria (BPB) were significantly reduced in CI patients, while lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were increased. Genetically, BPB-related functional genes were reduced in CI patients, whereas LAB-related genes were enhanced. The interbacterial correlations among BPB in CI patients were less prominent than those in healthy controls. Clinically, BPB was negatively associated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), while LAB was positively correlated with NIHSS. Both BPB and LAB played leading roles in the diagnostic model based on 47 bacteria.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>The abundance and functions of BPB in CI patients were significantly decreased, while LAB were increased. Both BPB and LAB displayed promising potential in the assessment and diagnosis of CI.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Microbiome and ischemic stroke: A systematic review

“…All the nine clinical studies reported on gut microbiome, where most of the clinical studies were conducted in both case and control cohorts [ 14 – 18 , 20 , 25 , 26 ], except that Boaden et al [ 24 ] who studied on stroke patients. All studies collected fecal samples from the study subjects for microbiome analyses and blood samples for blood biochemical assays, except that Li et al [ 16 ] collected the fecal samples and Boaden et al [ 24 ] collected the saliva sample and swabs within the oral cavity of stroke cases.…”

“…The clinical studies found that the abundance of phylum Firmicutes is an independent predictor for ischemic stroke risk [ 16 – 18 , 25 ]. Particularly, genera Streptococcus , Lactobacillus and Prevotella were descent from phylum Firmicutes prevailed among ischemic stroke cases [ 16 – 18 , 25 ]. Boaden et al [ 24 ] found that Streptococcus species were the most abundant microbiota that made up 70% of the oral microbial community in stroke patients.…”

“…copri were found higher in cases with ischemic stroke, while Blautia obeum was relatively lower among ischemic stroke cases [ 17 ]. The lactic acid-producing Lactobacillus and Lactococcus were significantly enhanced in fecal samples of cases [ 16 ]. In addition, Wang et al [ 20 ] observed an increase in Gammaproteobacteria and a decrease in Bacteroidia in cases.…”

“…Similarly, another study by Haak et al [ 14 ] also observed that the abundance of Proteobacteria was increased while the levels of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were reduced in stroke patients. Li et al [ 16 ] observed that the relative abundance of genera Odoribacter , Akkermansi a and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005 were significantly higher in stroke cases. More specifically, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005 was enhanced in severe stroke cases [ 18 ].…”

“…A total of nine eligible studies measured α-diversity [ 3 – 5 , 14 , 16 – 18 , 20 , 22 , 26 ]. Two studies reported no significant difference between post-stroke mice and sham-operated mice [ 3 , 22 ].…”