Dysentery caused by<i>Balantidium coli</i>in a patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma from Turkey

Yazar, Süleyman; Altuntaş, Fevzi; Şahi̇n, İzzet; Atambay, Metin

doi:10.3748/wjg.v10.i3.458

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A 54-year-old alcoholic pork butcher (France) with acute diarrhea suffered colonic perforation but recovered after doxycycline treatment and colectomy (20). Balantidia were detected in stools of a 47-year-old female (Turkey) with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, accompanied by abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea; she, too, was treated successfully with metronidazole (75).…”

Section: Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Areas of high prevalence include regions of Latin America, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and West Irian, and areas of the Middle East (63,75). In New Guinea, the rate of infection among pig farmers is as high as 28% (53), and in the Altiplano area of Bolivia, balantidiosis rates range between 6 and 29% (19).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cases developing in urban areas generally occur in immunocompromised hosts and are self-limiting outbreaks (3,9,20,70,75).…”

Section: Outbreaks Of Balantidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of different dosage regimens and treatment durations exist in the literature (3,20,23,75). For metronidazole (Flagyl), the treatment is typically 5 days (adult dosage, 750 mg three times a day; pediatric dosage, 35 to 50 mg kg of body weight Ϫ1 day Ϫ1 in three doses [maximum dosage, 2 g]), in contrast to tetracycline (adult dosage, 500 mg four times a day; pediatric dosage, 40 mg kg Ϫ1 dose Ϫ1 in four doses) treatment over 10 days.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current World Status of Balantidium coli

2008

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SUMMARY Balantidium coli is a cosmopolitan parasitic-opportunistic pathogen that can be found throughout the world. Pigs are its reservoir hosts, and humans become infected through direct or indirect contact with pigs. In rural areas and in some developing countries where pig and human fecal matter contaminates the water supply, there is a greater likelihood that balantidiosis may develop in humans. The infection may be subclinical in humans, as it mostly is in pigs, or may develop as a fulminant infection with bloody and mucus-containing diarrhea; this can lead to perforation of the colon. The disease responds to treatment with tetracycline or metronidazole. Balantidiosis is a disease that need never exist given access to clean water and a public health infrastructure that monitors the water supply and tracks infections. Its spread can be limited by sanitary measures and personal hygiene, but it is a disease that will be around as long as there are pigs. Immunocompromised individuals have developed balantidiosis without any direct contact with pigs, perhaps with rats or contaminated produce as a possible source of infection. For the clinician, balanatidiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for persistent diarrhea in travelers to or from Southeast Asia, the Western Pacific islands, rural South America, or communities where close contact with domestic swine occurs. Warming of the earth's surface may provide a more favorable environment, even in the now-temperate areas of the world, for survival of trophic and cystic stages of Balantidium, and its prevalence may increase. Effective sanitation and uncontaminated water are the most useful weapons against infection. Fortunately, balantidiosis responds to antimicrobial therapy, and there have been no reports of resistance to the drugs of choice.

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Section: Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cases developing in urban areas generally occur in immunocompromised hosts and are self-limiting outbreaks (3,9,20,70,75).…”

Section: Outbreaks Of Balantidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antimicrobial Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current World Status of Balantidium coli

2008

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“…The major factors contributing to the spread of the disease to humans are the presence of infected animals, subtropical and/or tropical climatic conditions, suboptimal hygienic standards, malnutrition, concomitant parasitic infections and debilitating diseases [8,9]. Some cases of B. coli infection in immunocompromised patients, including HIV/AIDS patients, patients with malignancies, and transplantation recipients have been reported [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Balantidium coli</i> in Pigs Regularly Slaughtered at Abattoirs of the Province of Messina: Hygienic Observations

Giarratana¹,

Muscolino²,

Taviano³

et al. 2012

OJVM

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Balantidium coli is a zoonotic protozoan parasite, and pork is considered the major source of Balantidium infection in humans. Transmission is direct and commonly occurs through the ingestion of water and food, especially vegetables, contaminated with infectious cysts. Ingestion of meat contaminated, with faecal material during the evisceration process, can represent a potential risk of B. coli transmission. In order to determine the rate of B. coli infection in pigs regularly slaughtered at abattoirs in the province of Messina (Sicily, Italy), faecal samples of 242 pigs (122 commercial hybrid and 120 Nero Siciliano pigs) were collected and evaluated by standard methods for the presence of trophozoites and/or cysts. A total of 105 of the commercial hybrid (86.06%), but only 44 of the Nero Siciliano (36.66%) pigs, were identified as positive for B. coli infection. The results obtained, may be linked to the type of farming employed.

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Intestinal and Urogenital Amebae, Flagellates, and Ciliates

Mathison,

Couturier

2023

ClinMicroNow

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Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis infections are two of the most common protozoal infections seen worldwide and are of serious concern on a global scale due to their prevalence and the pathogenicity of these causative agents. Microscopic examination of stool specimens continues to be one of the main tools used in the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal amebic, flagellate, and ciliate infections. Antigen detection methods such as enzyme immunoassays, immunochromatographic assays, and direct fluorescent‐antibody assays are available for the detection of pathogens such as the E. histolytica / Entamoeba dispar group, E. histolytica , Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis . One of the most important developments related to the molecular detection of parasites is the advent of panels for detection of multiple agents of gastrointestinal disease, including combinations of bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents.

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Dysentery caused byBalantidium coliin a patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma from Turkey

Cited by 51 publications

References 3 publications

Current World Status of Balantidium coli

Current World Status of Balantidium coli

<i>Balantidium coli</i> in Pigs Regularly Slaughtered at Abattoirs of the Province of Messina: Hygienic Observations

Intestinal and Urogenital Amebae, Flagellates, and Ciliates

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Dysentery caused byBalantidium coliin a patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma from Turkey

Cited by 51 publications

References 3 publications

Current World Status of Balantidium coli

Current World Status of Balantidium coli

&lt;i&gt;Balantidium coli&lt;/i&gt; in Pigs Regularly Slaughtered at Abattoirs of the Province of Messina: Hygienic Observations

Intestinal and Urogenital Amebae, Flagellates, and Ciliates

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<i>Balantidium coli</i> in Pigs Regularly Slaughtered at Abattoirs of the Province of Messina: Hygienic Observations