Dysfunctional Attitudes and Affective Responses to Daily Stressors: Separating Cognitive, Genetic, and Clinical Influences on Stress Reactivity

Conway, Christopher; Slavich, George M.; Hammen, Constance

doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9657-1

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…One possible reason for this patterning may involve the relatively short inter-assessment time period. Specifically, whereas levels of psychological and emotional distress are known to fluctuate on a daily and weekly basis [36, 37], changes in physical health symptoms (as measured here by the possible presence of a cold, flu, infection, pain, etc.) may occur over longer periods of time [38, 39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgiveness, Stress, and Health: a 5-Week Dynamic Parallel Process Study

2016

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Background Psychological stress is a well-known risk factor for poor health, and recent research has suggested that the emotion-focused coping process of forgiveness may help mitigate these effects. To date, however, no studies have examined how levels of forgiveness, stress, and health fluctuate and interrelate over time. Purpose We addressed this issue by examining how forgiveness, stress, and mental and physical health symptoms change and relate to one another over 5 weeks. We hypothesized that increases in state levels of forgiveness would be associated with decreases in perceptions of stress, which would in turn be related to decreases in mental and physical health symptoms. A reverse effects model was also tested. Methods We recruited a large, community-based sample of 332 young, middle-aged, and older adults (16–79 years old; Mage = 27.9). Each week for 5 weeks, participants reported on their levels of state forgiveness, perceived stress, and mental and physical health symptoms. Results Levels of forgiveness, stress, and mental and physical health symptoms each showed significant change and individual variability in change over time. As hypothesized, increases in forgiveness were associated with decreases in stress, which were in turn related to decreases in mental (but not physical) health symptoms (i.e., forgiveness→ stress→ health). The reverse effects model (i.e., health → stress → forgiveness) provided a relatively poorer fit. Conclusions This study is the first to provide prospective, longitudinal evidence showing that greater forgiveness is associated with less stress and, in turn, better mental health. Strategies for cultivating forgiveness may thus have beneficial effects on stress and health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgiveness, Stress, and Health: a 5-Week Dynamic Parallel Process Study

2016

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“…However, the current study examined stress specific to living with a depressed parent, rather than general life stress. Given substantial research to support specific biological and cognitive risk factors for depression, these risk factors may predispose youth to be uniquely vulnerable to the type of stress created by parental depression (e.g., Conway et al 2014; Hankin et al 2004, 2012; Vrshek-Schallhorn et al 2013). These findings suggest that examining more distinct types of stress experienced by youth (e.g., stress specific to parental depression), rather than general overall life stress, may further inform our understanding of how stress is associated with symptoms of psychopathology in a sample of youth of depressed parents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Specificity: Associations of Stress and Coping with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Youth

et al. 2015

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Research has documented the co-occurrence of symptoms of anxiety and depression across the lifespan, suggesting that these symptoms share common correlates and etiology. The present study aimed to examine potential specific and/or transdiagnostic correlates of symptoms of anxiety and depression in at-risk youth. The present study examined youth stress associated with parental depression and youth coping as potential correlates of symptoms of anxiety and depression in a sample of children of depressed parents. One hundred eighty parents with a history of depression and their children ages 9–15 completed measures assessing youths’ stress associated with parental depression (RSQ), symptoms of anxiety and depression (YSR and CBCL), and coping (RSQ). The results support the hypothesis that secondary control coping is a transdiagnostic correlate of symptoms of anxiety and depression in youth. Youth stress related to parental depression and primary control coping were specific correlates of youth depressive symptoms and not anxiety symptoms. Disengagement coping was not a significant correlate of symptoms of anxiety or depression in youth. Results suggest that there are both transdiagnostic and specific correlates of symptoms of anxiety and depression in youth. The current study provides evidence to suggest specific types of stress and strategies to cope with this stress demonstrate specificity to symptoms of anxiety and depression in high-risk offspring of depressed parents. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the relationship between stress, coping, and symptoms to inform prevention and treatment research.

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“…These different combinations result because each person inherits two alleles of the 5-HTT gene, one from his or her mother and the other from his or her father. Using this short versus long approach, 5-HTTLPR has been extensively investigated both directly and GXE interactions with regard to clinical conditions such as depression (Caspi et al, 2003) and anxiety (Conway, Slavich, & Hammen, 2014).…”

Section: Serotonin-transporter-linked Polymorphic Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evolutionary Perspective on Family Studies: Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences

Hartman

Belsky

2015

Family Process

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An evolutionary perspective of human development provides the basis for the differential‐susceptibility hypothesis which stipulates that individuals should differ in their susceptibility to environmental influences, with some being more affected than others by both positive and negative developmental experiences and environmental exposures. This paper reviews evidence consistent with this claim while revealing that temperamental and genetic characteristics play a role in distinguishing more and less susceptible individuals. The differential‐susceptibility framework under consideration is contrasted to the traditional diathesis‐stress view that “vulnerability” traits predispose some to being disproportionately affected by (only) adverse experiences. We raise several issues stimulated by the literature that need to be clarified in further research. Lastly, we suggest that therapy may differ in its effects depending on an individual's susceptibility.

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Dysfunctional Attitudes and Affective Responses to Daily Stressors: Separating Cognitive, Genetic, and Clinical Influences on Stress Reactivity

Cited by 26 publications

References 77 publications

Forgiveness, Stress, and Health: a 5-Week Dynamic Parallel Process Study

Forgiveness, Stress, and Health: a 5-Week Dynamic Parallel Process Study

Testing Specificity: Associations of Stress and Coping with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Youth

An Evolutionary Perspective on Family Studies: Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences

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