Dysfunctional Pro1 leads to female sterility in rice blast fungi

Uchida, Momotaka; Konishi, Teruko; Fujigasaki, Ayaka; Kita, Kohtetsu; Arie, Tsutomu; Teraoka, Tohru; Kanda, Yasukazu; Mori, M.; Arazoe, Takayuki; Kamakura, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107020

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These findings could explain why most populations are clonal. Recently, the transcriptional regulator Pro1 was shown to be required for female fertility in P. oryzae (Uchida et al., 2023 ). In the field, the production of asexual spores called conidia is critical for propagating the disease.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Governing the Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Pyricularia oryzae: Lab star and field scourge

Baudin,

Le Naour‐Vernet,

Gladieux

et al. 2024

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae), is a filamentous ascomycete that causes a major disease called blast on cereal crops, as well as on a wide variety of wild and cultivated grasses. Blast diseases have a tremendous impact worldwide particularly on rice and on wheat, where the disease emerged in South America in the 1980s, before spreading to Asia and Africa. Its economic importance, coupled with its amenability to molecular and genetic manipulation, have inspired extensive research efforts aiming at understanding its biology and evolution. In the past 40 years, this plant‐pathogenic fungus has emerged as a major model in molecular plant–microbe interactions. In this review, we focus on the clarification of the taxonomy and genetic structure of the species and its host range determinants. We also discuss recent molecular studies deciphering its lifecycle.TaxonomyKingdom: Fungi, phylum: Ascomycota, sub‐phylum: Pezizomycotina, class: Sordariomycetes, order: Magnaporthales, family: Pyriculariaceae, genus: Pyricularia.Host rangeP. oryzae has the ability to infect a wide range of Poaceae. It is structured into different host‐specialized lineages that are each associated with a few host plant genera. The fungus is best known to cause tremendous damage to rice crops, but it can also attack other economically important crops such as wheat, maize, barley, and finger millet.Disease symptomsP. oryzae can cause necrotic lesions or bleaching on all aerial parts of its host plants, including leaf blades, sheaths, and inflorescences (panicles, spikes, and seeds). Characteristic symptoms on leaves are diamond‐shaped silver lesions that often have a brown margin and whose appearance is influenced by numerous factors such as the plant genotype and environmental conditions. USEFUL WEBSITES Resources URL Genomic data repositories http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/ Genomic data repositories http://openriceblast.org/ Genomic data repositories http://openwheatblast.net/ Genome browser for fungi (including P. oryzae) http://fungi.ensembl.org/index.html Comparative genomics database https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/home T‐DNA mutant database http://atmt.snu.kr/ T‐DNA mutant database http://www.phi‐base.org/ SNP and expression data https://fungidb.org/fungidb/app/

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Section: Molecular Mechanisms Governing the Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Pyricularia oryzae: Lab star and field scourge

Baudin,

Le Naour‐Vernet,

Gladieux

et al. 2024

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…The use of genetic engineering techniques has led to improvements in fungal strains resulting in more effective modes of action and the generation of fungi-resistant crops [132]. In addition, obtaining fungal protoplasts has become a widely used tool to elucidate the importance and predict the behaviour of specific genes in PFs [133] and NFs [134]. Thus, these CW-free cells have allowed us to evaluate the effect of chitosan or their genetic transformation to obtain knockout mutants of genes encoding enzymes [134] or transcriptional regulators [133].…”

Section: Omics To Elucidate Bca-plant-pathogen Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Host Defence System by Nematophagous Fungi and Chitosan

Berosich,

Lopez-Moya,

Lopez-Llorca

2024

Encyclopedia

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Nematophagous fungi (NFs), which are responsible for soil suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes, are multitrophic biocontrol agents. This raises the question of the transition between lifestyles (e.g., endophytism vs. egg parasitism). The NF Pochonia chlamydosporia colonises food crops and promotes their growth and yield. When colonising the plant, P. chlamydosporia induces the plant immunity (PI). However, it also evades the PI. To do this, both endophytic NF and pathogenic fungi (PF) secrete LysM effectors (LysM-effs). LysM effectors have been shown to have diverse functions in different organisms, including the protection of fungal chitin from plant chitinases. P. chlamydosporia is resistant to chitosan, which modulates gene expression in fungi and plants and has antimicrobial properties. P. chlamydosporia chitin deacetylases (CDA) and chitosanases (CSN) also help P. chlamydosporia evade plant immunity, resist exogenous chitosan, and are induced during fungal infection of nematode eggs. NF-chitosan formulations are new biomanagement tools against plant parasitic nematodes, fungal wilt pathogens and insect pests that currently threaten food security crops. Furthermore, omics techniques are useful tools to elucidate the role of CDAs, CSNs, LysM-effs, adhesion proteins and carbohydrate-active enzymes in pathogen–BCA–plant interactions, adhesion and infection to nematode eggs and their modulation by chitosan.

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