Dyslipidemia and associated factors among women using hormonal contraceptives in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

Objective Dyslipidemia is abnormal amount of lipid in blood. Hormonal contraceptives affect lipid metabolism and can enhance the risk of vascular disease like atherosclerosis. In Harar, among contraceptive users, biochemical changes follow up is almost none and magnitude of dyslipidemia is not known. Therefore this study is designed to determine prevalence of dyslipidemia and its predisposing factors. Accordingly, cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2014 among hormonal contraceptive users from three health centers and one hospital. Socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and blood biochemical tests were performed for every participant. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval using SPSS was used. Result Totally 365 participants were included and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 34.8%. The mean levels ± standard deviation of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), the total cholesterol to HDL ratio, and triglyceride were 186 ± 27 mg/dl, 121 ± 31 mg/dl, 45.21 ± 7.7 mg/dl, 4.44, and 108 ± 3.45 mg/dl, respectively. Age, fasting blood sugar, drinking coffee twice and eating no vegetables 4 times/week were identified as predictors of dyslipidemia. In conclusion, hormonal contraceptive users of Harar have high rate of dyslipidemia. This result emphasizes the urgent need for a public health strategy for prevention, early detection, and treatment of dyslipidemia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4148-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adult residents of Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia

“…The present finding is consistent with the results reported in Palestine (66.4%) [18] and South Africa (67.3%) [19]. However, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study is higher than the previous findings reported in Eastern Ethiopia (34.8%) [11], Africa PLOS ONE (25.5%) [9], China (32.2%) [20], Iran (30.0%) [21], India (50.7%) [22], and Uganda (63.3%) [23]. Contrary to this, the prevalence is lower than previous studies reported in Lithuania (89.7%) [24], South Africa (85.0%) [25], India (78.4%) [26] and Poland (77.2%) [27].…”

“…Besides, the overall prevalence of elevated total cholesterol, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and elevated triglyceride was 25.5%, 21.4%, 19.5%, and 17.0%, respectively [9]. Advanced age, raised FBG, drinking coffee, and vegetable intake were identified as significant predictors of dyslipidemia among women contraceptive users in Eastern Ethiopia [11].…”

“…Only one facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Eastern Ethiopia among contraceptive users, which reported a high prevalence (34.8%) of dyslipidemia. However, it cannot represent the general adult population [11]. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adult residents in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia.…”

The Comparison of Total Cholesterol Level in DMPA and Combination Injection Contraception Users

“…These results second to several similar studies. Research conducted in Harar found that acceptors of DMPA injection had higher total cholesterol levels than other contraceptives in the amount of 189.35 mg/dL ± 20 mg/dL (Sufa et al, 2019). According to the research conducted in Pakistan on the comparison between DMPA injection acceptors and the control group showed the results of DMPA total cholesterol levels of 180.7 ± 38.8 mg/dL and the controls of 133.03 ± 14.8 mg/dL with the statistical results p = 0.001 which shows that there are very significant differences in cholesterol levels in each group (Dilshad et al, 2016).…”

“…It is also influenced by the length of use of contraception. In the users with a duration of >42 months, there are 75% of users identified as dyslipidemia (Sufa et al, 2019).…”