“…However, excess of DTPA-bis(anhydride) can be easily employed in situations, when the product is easily separable, for example, by ultrafiltration/centrifugation or if crystallizes easily; it is the case of grafting the ligands to nanoparticles [67], porphyrines [58], cyclodextrins [68] (but in the last case, the equimolar amount of the reagents also gives reasonable yields [69]). Excess of DTPA-bis(anhydride) was also used for conjugation of DTPA-based chelating unit to dendrimers [70] or biologically active proteins as avidin [71,72] or antibodies [73], and to, for example, S-(2-aminoethylthio)-2-thiopyridine, affording bifunctional derivative bearing protected disulfide moiety in the side-chain [74].…”