Dysregulation of immune tolerance to autologous iPSCs and their differentiated derivatives (review)

Abstract

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) due to their ability to differentiate into the desired cell type are a promising tool for solving the problems of transplantation medicine. In addition, the reprogramming technology makes it possible to obtain a personalized, i.e., patient-specific, cell product whose transplantation should not cause problems related to histocompatibility of transplanted tissues and organs. At the same time, inconsistent information about the main advantage of autologous iPSC derivatives – lack of immunogenecity – still casts doubt on the possibility of using such cells beyond immunosuppressive therapy protocols. This review is devoted to the immunogenic properties of syngeneic and autologous iPSCs and their derivatives, as well as to discussion of the reasons of dysregulation of their immune tolerance.