Dysregulation of miR-27a and SMAD2 can be a reliable indicator in the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC as well as in response to chemotherapy drugs

MicroRNAs and JAK/STAT3 signaling: A new promising therapeutic axis in blood cancers

“…miRNAs are an endogenous and non-coding class of single-stranded RNAs containing 19 to 25 nucleotides, modifying gene expression post-transcriptionally through binding to the 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs) leading to the promotion of the mRNA degradation or triggering the inhibition of mRNA translation. 33 , 34 , 35 miRNAs actively contribute to a variety of cellular processes such as the production of auto-antibodies, cellular immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in concomitant with association with various other events such as neurodevelopment, DNA editing-repairing, and oxidative stress. 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 It has been also robustly evidenced that the dysregulation of miRNAs expression is involved in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and drug resistance.…”

Significance of microRNA-330/TYMS expression axis through colorectal tumorigenesis

“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) between all types of cancer is ranked as third with regard to prevalence, and second in mortality rates [1,2], contributing to over 700,000 fatalities per year worldwide [3,4]. CRC incidence rates are relatively similar in both men and women [5,6].…”

“…To achieve a treatment for CRC, early diagnoses, personalized medication, and a clear view on the molecular mechanisms of its incidence and development, are essential [7]. But unfortunately, most CRC cases are found at an advanced phase in patients often at the beginning of metastasis, which contributes to the weak prognosis and the lower patient recovery possibilities [4,8].…”

“…Despite that, molecular science developments have contributed to the identi cation of several prospective biomarkers that are important to colorectal cancer (CRC). Given the fact that in CRCs, a noticeable number of dysregulated miRNAs are identi ed to have been linked with disease progression and treatment response, microRNAs are considered to be hopeful prognostic biomarkers for this cancer in the latest researches [2,4,9,10]. Compared to normal controls, miRNAs are therefore categorized as oncomiR and miRNA tumor suppressor, and some of them could be utilized as CRC diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers [11].…”

“…MicroRNA expression irregularities are found to be involved in the dysregulation of cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor development of different malignancies. Moreover, to regulate the expression of their target genes which are associated with CRC proliferation and metastasis, miRNAs can target long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), as well [4,[12][13][14][15][16]. The roles of these dysregulated miRNAs tend to be contextual, showing a double role as oncogenes and the tumor-suppressors regarding their cellular environment.…”