2019
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801150
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Dysregulation of T Follicular Helper Cells in Lupus

Abstract: Although multiple and overlapping mechanisms are ultimately responsible for the immunopathology observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, autoreactive Abs secreted by autoreactive plasma cells (PCs) are considered to play a critical role in disease progression and immunopathology. Given that PCs derive from the germinal centers (GC), long-term dysregulated GC reactions are often associated with the development of spontaneous autoantibody responses and immunopathology in systemic lupus erythematos… Show more

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Cited by 40 publications
(48 citation statements)
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References 153 publications
(211 reference statements)
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“…The canonical Tfh is one in which STAT3 signaling, either through IL-6 or IL-21, can upregulate Bcl6, the canonical transcription factor for Tfhs ( Figure 6). 11,15,171,194,203 The underlying mechanism for the production of such autoantibodies is by definition due to a loss of tolerance at some step before or at this GC stage of development. Bcl6 turns on a program of Tfh genes that can promote B-cell development and at the same time, turns off the Tfh's ability to develop into other Tfhs.…”
Section: Stimulation Of Autoreactive B Cells By Tfhmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The canonical Tfh is one in which STAT3 signaling, either through IL-6 or IL-21, can upregulate Bcl6, the canonical transcription factor for Tfhs ( Figure 6). 11,15,171,194,203 The underlying mechanism for the production of such autoantibodies is by definition due to a loss of tolerance at some step before or at this GC stage of development. Bcl6 turns on a program of Tfh genes that can promote B-cell development and at the same time, turns off the Tfh's ability to develop into other Tfhs.…”
Section: Stimulation Of Autoreactive B Cells By Tfhmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Whether this GC reaction is normal or pathogenic is determined by the cytokines produced by the Tfh and the cytokine receptors expressed by the GC B cell. [194][195][196] After successful interaction with T cells, the B cell has the potential to encounter a spectrum of Tfhs each of which possess a different transcription factor that drives a different program and different cytokines that can promote B-cell development. The canonical Tfh is one in which STAT3 signaling, either through IL-6 or IL-21, can upregulate Bcl6, the canonical transcription factor for Tfhs ( Figure 6).…”
Section: Stimulation Of Autoreactive B Cells By Tfhmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…A key cytokine produced by Tfh cells is IL-21, a factor that potently promotes B cell activation and Ab secretion (1,2). Although Tfh cells are critical for the proper production of Abs, the overproduction of Tfh cells can lead to autoimmunity as Tfh cells can help B cells to produce self-reactive Abs (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Thus, the proper regulation of Tfh cell differentiation is essential for normal immune function as well as preventing autoimmune disease.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are potential protective autoantibodies in SLE patients, such as anti-oxLDL-IgM, anti-ApoB100 antibodies, anti-choline phosphate (PC) antibodies and anti-malondialdehyde (MDA) antibodies. The first three have a synergistic effect: they reduce the level of oxLDL, the uptake of oxLDL, and the formation of foam cells (105)(106)(107). And Anti-PC-IgM increases Tregs in SLE and atherosclerosis, reduces IL-17 and TNF-a, and makes dendritic cells (DCs) immature (33).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%