Dystonias of the Neck: Clinico-Radiologic Correlations

Reichel, G

doi:10.5772/27896

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our study results suggested that SPCa and SSCa, the two biggest posterior cervical muscles, were the most commonly involved, and both of them were bilaterally injected in the majority of the patients. This result was consistent with the aforementioned view of Reichel ( 12 ). In the study of Papapetropoulos et al, a bilateral injection was also applied to SPCa in the majority of patients, but their frequency of injection for SSCa was much lower than that in our study (33/34 vs. 4/53) ( 6 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Concerning the distribution of the target muscles, symmetrical participation of bilateral muscles is expected in RCD based on functional anatomy, and a bilateral injection scheme was also suggested by some researchers ( 12 ). Although most of our patients showed bilateral muscle activation, unilateral or asymmetric activation of cervical muscles also occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Although the main function of LS is to elevate the shoulder, bilateral contraction of LS could retract the head and neck ( 13 ), and this action is facilitated by TPZ because the bilateral contraction of the TPZ pars descendens causes an extension of the head and neck ( 14 ). Bilateral injection of TPZ pars descendens has been suggested in several investigations ( 3 , 6 , 12 ), whereas bilateral LS injection was suggested in only one study ( 6 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Retroform Cervical Dystonia: Target Muscle Selection and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection

Pan

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionRetroform cervical dystonia (RCD), which includes retrocaput and retrocollis, is a rare form of cervical dystonia. Few reports have been published on RCD. The present study aimed to characterize the target muscles involved in RCD and the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection.MethodsPatients with consecutive cervical dystonia with RCD as the most problematic feature were retrospectively analyzed over a 10-year period. Target muscles were screened and confirmed based on clinical evaluation, single-photon emission computed tomography, and electromyography. In addition, efficacy and adverse events following BTX-A injection in patients with RCD were evaluated.ResultsA total of 34 patients with RCD were included, 18 of whom presented with retrocaput and 16 with retrocollis. The most frequently injected muscles in RCD were splenius capitis (SPCa, 97.1%) and semispinalis capitis (SSCa, 97.1%), followed by levator scapulae (LS, 50.0%), rectus capitis posterior major (RCPM, 47.1%), trapezius (TPZ, 41.2%), and sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM, 41.2%). Besides cervical muscles, the erector spinae was also injected in 17.6% of patients. Most muscles were predominantly bilaterally injected. The injection schemes of retrocaput and retrocollis were similar, possibly because in patients with retrocollis, retrocaput was often combined. BTX-A injection achieved a satisfactory therapeutic effect in RCD, with an average symptom relief rate of 69.0 ± 16.7%. Mild dysphagia (17.6%) and posterior cervical muscle weakness (17.6%) were the most common adverse events.ConclusionSPCa, SSCa, LS, RCPM, LS, and SCM were commonly and often bilaterally injected in RCD. Patients with RCD could achieve satisfactory symptom relief after BTX-A injection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Retroform Cervical Dystonia: Target Muscle Selection and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection

Pan

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Employing this imaging technique is based on the new phenomenological classiication for CD by Reichel with reference to the position of the cervical vertebrae from the head position. Torticollis and laterocollis involves the same angle of rotation from across all cervical vertebrae; however, when there is torticaput or laterocaput, the base of the skull and C1 are on the same degree of rotation but difer from the rest of the cervical spine [48,49]. The challenge for the injector confronted with these movements is to target deeper and smaller muscles.…”

Section: Challenges With Bont Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Effective and Safe is Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Cervical Dystonia: The Current Stand

Jamora¹,

Piano²

2016

Botulinum Toxin Therapy Manual for Dystonia and Spasticity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most common focal dystonia that is characterized by involuntary contraction of cervical muscles causing abnormal head movements and postures. The treatment for CD was previously limited to oral medications, however, with consequent systemic side efects. In recent years, botulinum toxin ("oNT) has demonstrated eicacy in several studies and thus has received level " recommendation from both the "merican "cademy of Neurology and the European Federation of Neurological Sciences in the treatment of dystonia. In many countries, it is the irst-line treatment for CD. There are four types of toxin approved for the use in CD, three type " [Onabotulinumtoxin" (Ona"oNT"), "bobotulinumtoxin" ("bo"oNT"), and Incobotulinumtoxin " (Inco"oNT")] and one type " [Rimabotulinumtoxin" (Rima-"oNT")]. Proper selection of afected muscles and dose of toxin are important parameters in successfully providing symptomatic treatment. Good response rate is deined as improvement of more than 25 % from baseline using the Toronto Western Torticollis Rating Scale. The most common side efect of chemodenervation with "oNT for CD is dysphagia.

show abstract

“…This is important because suboptimal muscle selection may be a leading cause of non-response to treatment (Ferreira et al, 2012). The importance of distinguishing between the different neck and head types of CD is increasingly recognized, since different groups of muscles are affected (Reichel, 2012). Tailored treatment requires appropriate training in how to inject all the various muscles involved in CD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ixcellence Network�: an international educational network to improve current practice in the management of cervical dystonia or spastic paresis by botulinum toxin injection

Fheodoroff¹

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryBotulinum toxin is a well-established treatment for a number of conditions involving muscle hyperactivity, such as focal dystonia and spastic paresis. However, current injection practice is not standardized and there is a clear need for structured training. An international group of experts in the management of patients with cervical dystonia (CD) and spastic paresis created a steering committee (SC). For each therapeutic area, the SC developed a core slide set on best practice, based on the literature. International sites of expertise were identified for training and courses were designed to include lectures and casebased learning. Where possible, courses received accreditation from the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). Each course was peer reviewed by the SC, the UEMS accreditation board and the attendees themselves (through evaluation questionnaires).Attendees' feedback was shared with the SC and the trainers to tailor future training sessions. From the program launch in 2012 to December 2014, 328 physicians from 34 countries were trained in a total of 58 courses; 67% of the courses focused on spastic paresis and 33% on CD. Of the 225 (69%) physicians who completed feedback forms, 95% rated their course as 'above average/excellent' in meeting the preset learning objectives. Most (90%) physicians declared that attending a course would lead them to change their practice. The development of the 'Ixcellence Network' for continuous medical education in the fields of spastic paresis and CD has provided a novel and interactive way of training physicians with previous experience in botulinum toxin injection.

show abstract

Dystonias of the Neck: Clinico-Radiologic Correlations

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Retroform Cervical Dystonia: Target Muscle Selection and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection

Retroform Cervical Dystonia: Target Muscle Selection and Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection

How Effective and Safe is Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Cervical Dystonia: The Current Stand

Ixcellence Network�: an international educational network to improve current practice in the management of cervical dystonia or spastic paresis by botulinum toxin injection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About