Dystonic motor and phonic tics in Tourette syndrome

Baizabal‐Carvallo, José Fidel; Alonso-Juárez, Marlene; Jankovic, Joseph

doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11174-z

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Some of our patients exhibited motor blocking phenomena related to tonic (sustained isometric muscle contractions) or dystonic (prolonged agonist muscle contractions resulting in a sustained abnormal posture). 15 We emphasize that the definition of blocking motor tics in our study required an inability for voluntary muscle activity. It is important to differentiate tonic and dystonic tics; the latter are defined as tics with more sustained isotonic muscle contractions usually lasting > 1,000 ms. 15 Tonic tics are sustained isometric muscle contractions, for example, intermittent platysma contractions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…15 We emphasize that the definition of blocking motor tics in our study required an inability for voluntary muscle activity. It is important to differentiate tonic and dystonic tics; the latter are defined as tics with more sustained isotonic muscle contractions usually lasting > 1,000 ms. 15 Tonic tics are sustained isometric muscle contractions, for example, intermittent platysma contractions. The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association with dystonic tics (p = 0.032), and a trend for a higher frequency of tonic tics favoring patients with motor blocking phenomena was also observed (p = 0.069).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The Clinical Characterization of Blocking Tics in Patients With Tourette Syndrome

Baizabal‐Carvallo¹,

Jankovic

2023

JMD

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ObjectiveaaTourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the presence of motor and phonic tics. Blocking phenomena, characterized by arrests in motor activity causing interruptions in movements or speech, have also been described in patients with TS. In this study, we aimed to characterize the frequency and features of blocking tics in patients with TS.MethodsaaWe studied a cohort of 201 patients with TS evaluated at our movement disorders clinic.ResultsaaWe identified 12 (6%) patients with blocking phenomena. Phonic tic intrusion causing speech arrest was the most common (n = 8, 4%), followed by sustained isometric muscle contractions arresting body movements (n = 4, 2%). The following variables were statistically related to blocking phenomena: shoulder tics, leg tics, copropraxia, dystonic tics, simple phonic tics, and number of phonic tics per patient (all p < 0.050). In the multivariate regression, the presence of dystonic tics (p = 0.014) and a higher number of phonic tics (p = 0.022) were associated with blocking phenomena.ConclusionaaBlocking phenomena are present in approximately 6% of patients with TS, and the presence of dystonic tics and a higher frequency and number of phonic tics increase the risk for these phenomena.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Clinical Characterization of Blocking Tics in Patients With Tourette Syndrome

Baizabal‐Carvallo¹,

Jankovic

2023

JMD

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“…3 Characteristics of tic disorders that are not present in dystonia include a history of childhood tics, family history of Tourette's syndrome or a tic disorder, a premonitory urge preceding performing the movements, and partial suppressibility. 91 In addition, certain neuropsychiatric symptoms (particularly attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/obsessive-compulsive disorder), while common in tic disorders, are infrequent in dystonia (myoclonus dystonia is an exception), while anxiety and depression are common in both, although this is nonspecific. 3…”

Section: Genetic Testing In Dystoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dystonias: Clinical Recognition and the Role of Additional Diagnostic Testing

et al. 2023

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Dystonia is the third most common movement disorder, characterized by abnormal, frequently twisting postures related to co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles. Diagnosis is challenging. We provide a comprehensive appraisal of the epidemiology and an approach to the phenomenology and classification of dystonia, based on the clinical characteristics and underlying etiology of dystonia syndromes. We discuss the features of common idiopathic and genetic forms of dystonia, diagnostic challenges, and dystonia mimics. Appropriate workup is based on the age of symptom onset, rate of progression, whether dystonia is isolated or combined with another movement disorder or complex neurological and other organ system eatures. Based on these features, we discuss when imaging and genetic should be considered. We discuss the multidisciplinary treatment of dystonia, including rehabilitation and treatment principles according to the etiology, including when pathogenesis-direct treatment is available, oral pharmacological therapy, chemodenervation with botulinum toxin injections, deep brain stimulation and other surgical therapies, and future directions.

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Tics/Stereotypies

Frucht,

Termsarasab

2024

Movement Disorders Phenomenology

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Dystonic motor and phonic tics in Tourette syndrome

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

The Clinical Characterization of Blocking Tics in Patients With Tourette Syndrome

The Clinical Characterization of Blocking Tics in Patients With Tourette Syndrome

Dystonias: Clinical Recognition and the Role of Additional Diagnostic Testing

Tics/Stereotypies

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