(e,2e) electron spectroscopy of surfaces

Magnetic anisotropy and electronic structure of iron films on W(110) by spin-polarized two-electron spectroscopy

“…The binding energy of the valence electron, E b , can be found as E b = (E 1 + E 2 ) À E o ; where E o is the incident electron energy, E 1 and E 2 are the two detected electrons energy. It has previously been determined [12] that single step scattering is the primary process in the total energy region 3-4 eV below the Fermi edge (E b = 0). Below this energy slice multistep scattering dominates and the momentum-energy conservation equations are no longer valid.…”

Two‐Electron Spectroscopy Versus Single‐Electron Spectroscopy for Studying Secondary Emission from Surfaces

“…For normal incidence the distribution is broader with a maximum at about (12−13) eV. Given that the time-correlated pairs with small total energy (4 eV below the Fermi edge and lower) result mostly from the multi-step scattering [9], one can conclude that the off-normal incidence increases the probability of single-step electron-electron collisions. The physical reason for this is that at off-normal incidence the momentum transfer, in the electron-electron collision that follows elastic scattering from the ion core, is lower than at normal incidence and consequently leads to the asymmetric sharing distribution.…”

“…For two electrons generated in a single electron-electron collision, both momentum and energy are conserved and their detection within time intervals of the order of nanoseconds identifies their time correlation and ensures that a minimal number of scattering events is observed [9]. The characteristics of the detected electron pairs contain information on the electron-electron scattering potential and the correlated behavior of electrons inside the solid.…”

Spin-orbit coupling in tungsten by spin-polarized two-electron spectroscopy

“…We use a combination of time-of-flight energy analysis and coincidence technique, which is described elsewhere. 5,20,21 The incident electron beam was pulsed (1 ns pulse width and 2.5ϫ 10 6 Hz repetition rate) to have a reference point on the time scale. Position sensitive detectors allow detection of electrons in a wide angular range as well as a flight distance correction for electrons arriving at different locations on the detectors.…”