E-Beam lithography designed substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Cinel, Neval A.; Çakmakyapan, Semih; Bütün, Serkan; Ertaş, Gülay; Özbay, Ekmel

doi:10.1016/j.photonics.2014.11.003

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Most of the research to fabricate SERS-based chips focuses on optimizing the surface of substrates through nanomaterials and nanostructures synthesized using sophisticated techniques such as lithographic patterning or high-temperature processes [16,[19][20][21][22]. Other research groups deposit Au/Ag nanoparticles on papers [23][24][25] or coat metal on a Si nanowire structure [26] to make a porous SERS substrate suitable for biological or liquid samples.…”

Section: Nanorod Manufacturing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Based on ZnO Nanorods for Biological Applications

Lee¹,

Kim²

2019

Zinc Oxide Based Nano Materials and Devices

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Detection of nanometer-sized biomarkers is a research topic that attracts much attention as an application for early diagnosis of diseases. Biopsy monitoring by analyzing cell secretion in a non-destructive way has many advantages in the field of biomedicine. We introduce the Raman signal enhancement method on a biosensing chip based on surface-enhanced Raman diagnosis. This approach has the advantage because the ZnO nanorods are grown to form nanoscale porosity and are coated with gold to enable size selective biomarker detection. After sputtering gold on the grown ZnO nanostructures, the unique feature of clustering the nanorod's heads first appeared. The grain formation on the head was the main factor for the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) enhancement, and this fact could be verified by finite element analysis. It has been demonstrated in breast cancer cell line that the cell viability is also high in such gold-clad ZnO nanostructure-based surface-enhanced substrates. For bioapplication, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) animal model was prepared by injecting HCl into the bladder of a rat, and urine was collected a week later to conduct Raman spectroscopy experiments.

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Section: Nanorod Manufacturing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Based on ZnO Nanorods for Biological Applications

Lee¹,

Kim²

2019

Zinc Oxide Based Nano Materials and Devices

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“…Electron-beam lithography techniques have also been used to create SERS substrates [ 22 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 ]. Figure 10 shows a schematic describing two fabrication processes typically used to prepare nanostructured SERS substrates [ 106 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary advantage of electron-beam lithography over other methods used to create SERS substrates is that it can draw custom patterns with sub-10 nm resolution. This capability is important in the fabrication of SERS substrates due to the fact that the localized surface plasmons (LPS) responsible for the SERS effect greatly depend on the size, shape, and arrangement of nanostructures [ 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of SERS Substrates for Chemical Sensing

2017

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The SERS effect was initially discovered in the 1970s. Early research focused on understanding the phenomenon and increasing enhancement to achieve single molecule detection. From the mid-1980s to early 1990s, research started to move away from obtaining a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon to the exploration of analytical applications. At the same time, significant developments occurred in the field of photonics that led to the advent of inexpensive, robust, compact, field-deployable Raman systems. The 1990s also saw rapid development in nanoscience. This convergence of technologies (photonics and nanoscience) has led to accelerated development of SERS substrates to detect a wide range of chemical and biological analytes. It would be a monumental task to discuss all the different kinds of SERS substrates that have been explored. Likewise, it would be impossible to discuss the use of SERS for both chemical and biological detection. Instead, a review of the most common metallic (Ag, Cu, and Au) SERS substrates for chemical detection only is discussed, as well as SERS substrates that are commercially available. Other issues with SERS for chemical detection have been selectivity, reversibility, and reusability of the substrates. How these issues have been addressed is also discussed in this review.

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“…Various metal films and fabrication techniques are used for this purpose: physical vacuum deposition (PVD) [20,21], electrochemical deposition from the solution [22][23][24], deposition from a colloidal solution of nanoparticles [25][26][27][28], electron-beam lithography [29,30], plasma-chemical lithography [31]. All the recently used metal thin films and surfaces for SERS-based sensorics usually based on already known general principles of creating surfaces for the successful registration of the giant Raman spectra [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SERS-Active Substrates Nanoengineering Based on e-Beam Evaporated Self-Assembled Silver Films

et al. 2019

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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been intensely studied as a possible solution in the fields of analytical chemistry and biosensorics for decades. Substantial research has been devoted to engineering signal enhanced SERS-active substrates based on semi-continuous nanostructured silver and gold films, or agglomerates of micro- and nanoparticles in solution. Herein, we demonstrate the high-amplitude spectra of myoglobin precipitated out of ultra-low concentration solutions (below 10 μg/mL) using e-beam evaporated continuous self-assembled silver films. We observe up to 105 times Raman signal amplification with purposefully designed SERS-active substrates in comparison with the control samples. SERS-active substrates are obtained by electron beam evaporation of silver thin films with well controlled nanostructured surface morphology. The characteristic dimensions of the morphology elements vary in the range from several to tens of nanometers. Using optical confocal microscopy we demonstrate that proteins form a conformation on the surface of the self-assembled silver film, which results in an effective enhancement of giant Raman scattering signal. We investigate the various SERS substrates surface morphologies by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in combination with deep data analysis with Gwyddion software and a number of machine learning techniques. Based on these results, we identify the most significant film surface morphology patterns and evaporation recipe parameters to obtain the highest amplitude SERS spectra. Moreover, we demonstrate the possibility of automated selection of suitable morphological parameters to obtain the high-amplitude spectra. The developed AFM data auto-analysis procedures are used for smart optimization of SERS-active substrates nanoengineering processes.

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E-Beam lithography designed substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Based on ZnO Nanorods for Biological Applications

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Based on ZnO Nanorods for Biological Applications

Review of SERS Substrates for Chemical Sensing

SERS-Active Substrates Nanoengineering Based on e-Beam Evaporated Self-Assembled Silver Films

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