e‐Beam Nanopatterned Photo‐Responsive Bacteriorhodopsin‐Containing Hydrogels

Saaem, Ishtiaq; Tian, Jiajun

doi:10.1002/adma.200701401

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Much less is known about how electrons interact with the water‐soluble polymer precursors often used in biorelevant patterning applications such as poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG], poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) [PVP], poly (acrylic acid) [PAA], or polyacrylimide . PEG films, for example, can be e‐beam processed to create surface‐patterned hydrogels that resist nonspecific protein adsorption and cell adhesion .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(ethylene glycol) as a biointeractive electron‐beam resist

Wang

Firlar

Dai

et al. 2013

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can serve as an electron‐beam (e‐beam) resist to modulate protein adsorption on and cell adhesion to surfaces. PEG preferentially crosslinks under e‐beam irradiation to create microgels with controllable properties. Here, atomic‐force, scanning electron, and confocal microscopies are used to study discrete microgels formed from solvent‐cast PEG thin films by focused e‐beams with energies between 2 and 30 keV and point doses between 10 and 1000 fC. Consistent with experimental findings, Monte Carlo simulation of electron energy deposition identifies three structures within each microgel: a highly crosslinked core near the point of electron incidence; a lightly crosslinked near corona surrounding the core; and a far corona at the PEG–Si interface. The nature and relative sizes of these three regions and, hence, the microgel–protein interactions depend on the incident electron energy and dose. The far corona creates protein‐repulsive surface hundreds of nanometers or more from the microgel core. The highly crosslinked core is largely shielded by the near corona. These findings can help guide the choice of irradiation conditions to most effectively modulate protein–surface interactions via PEG microgels patterned by e‐beam lithography. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1543–1554

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(ethylene glycol) as a biointeractive electron‐beam resist

Wang

Firlar

Dai

et al. 2013

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“… 7 , 8 Thus far, there have only been two resists that have been employed for direct protein pattering by EBL; proteins bacteriorhodopsin and green fluorescent protein were patterned using poly(acrylic acid) and silk as resists. 1 , 3 In both studies, the authors noted that the proteins used had exceptionally stable structures, which enabled them to be stable under harsh conditions of EBL.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trehalose glycopolymer resists allow direct writing of protein patterns by electron-beam lithography

et al. 2015

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Direct-write patterning of multiple proteins on surfaces is of tremendous interest for a myriad of applications. Precise arrangement of different proteins at increasingly smaller dimensions is a fundamental challenge to apply the materials in tissue engineering, diagnostics, proteomics and biosensors. Herein we present a new resist that protects proteins during electron beam exposure and its application in direct-write patterning of multiple proteins. Polymers with pendant trehalose units are shown to effectively cross-link to surfaces as negative resists, while at the same time providing stabilization to proteins during the vacuum and electron beam irradiation steps. In this manner, arbitrary patterns of several different classes of proteins such as enzymes, growth factors and immunoglobulins are realized. Utilizing the high precision alignment capability of electron-beam lithography, surfaces with complex patterns of multiple proteins are successfully generated at the micrometer and nanometer scale without requiring cleanroom conditions.

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“…As shown in Figure 4, light-responsive nanostructured hydrogels have been produced using poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) conjugated to a protein, bacteriorhodopsin (bR), which is a green light-driven proton pump found in the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. This protein is capable of transporting protons from the cytoplasmic (CP) to the extracellular (EC) side of the cell [43]. The conjugation of the protein to the nanopatterned hydrogel has enabled the obtainment of a light-responsive nanostructured hydrogel that can be used as a smart gate in micro-and nanofluidic devices or as a switchable smart surface for tissue engineering.…”

Section: Patterned Hydrogels As Advanced Interfaces With Biological Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro- to Nanoscale Bio-Hybrid Hydrogels Engineered by Ionizing Radiation

2020

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Bio-hybrid hydrogels consist of a water-swollen hydrophilic polymer network encapsulating or conjugating single biomolecules, or larger and more complex biological constructs like whole cells. By modulating at least one dimension of the hydrogel system at the micro- or nanoscale, the activity of the biological component can be extremely upgraded with clear advantages for the development of therapeutic or diagnostic micro- and nano-devices. Gamma or e-beam irradiation of polymers allow a good control of the chemistry at the micro-/nanoscale with minimal recourse to toxic reactants and solvents. Another potential advantage is to obtain simultaneous sterilization when the absorbed doses are within the sterilization dose range. This short review will highlight opportunities and challenges of the radiation technologies to produce bio-hybrid nanogels as delivery devices of therapeutic biomolecules to the target cells, tissues, and organs, and to create hydrogel patterns at the nano-length and micro-length scales on surfaces.

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e‐Beam Nanopatterned Photo‐Responsive Bacteriorhodopsin‐Containing Hydrogels

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Poly(ethylene glycol) as a biointeractive electron‐beam resist

Poly(ethylene glycol) as a biointeractive electron‐beam resist

Trehalose glycopolymer resists allow direct writing of protein patterns by electron-beam lithography

Micro- to Nanoscale Bio-Hybrid Hydrogels Engineered by Ionizing Radiation

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