E-car and economic impact: enhancing the smart grids

Mora, Rosa; Oyarzabal, José; Cruz-Zambrano, Miguel; González, Ana Isabel González; Corera, J.

doi:10.1049/cp.2012.0874

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Transportvaneundersøgelsen is used by Jull et al [49] for a case study of Denmark. In the case of Spain, there are different databases, for example Dades Bàsiques de Mobilitat 2008 for Barcelona city [17] and MOVILIA for the whole Spain [50].…”

Section: Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Agent-Based Model of Electric Vehicle Charging Demand to Analyse the Impact on Distribution Networks

et al. 2015

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Electric Vehicles (EVs) have seen significant growth in sales recently and it is not clear how power systems will support the charging of a great number of vehicles. This paper proposes a methodology which allows the aggregated EV charging demand to be determined. The methodology applied to obtain the model is based on an agent-based approach to calculate the EV charging demand in a certain area. This model simulates each EV driver to consider its EV model characteristics, mobility needs, and charging processes required to reach its destination. This methodology also permits to consider social and economic variables. Furthermore, the model is stochastic, in order to consider the random pattern of some variables. The model is applied to Barcelona's (Spain) mobility pattern and uses the 37-node IEEE test feeder adapted to common distribution grid characteristics from Barcelona. The corresponding grid impact is analyzed in terms of voltage drop and four charging strategies are compared. The case study indicates that the variability in scenarios without control is relevant, but not in scenarios with control. Moreover, the voltages do not reach the minimum voltage allowed, but the MV/LV substations could exceed their capacities. Finally, it is determined that all EVs can charge during the valley without any Energies 2015, 8 4161 negative effect on the distribution grid. In conclusion, it is determined that the methodology presented allows the EV charging demand to be calculated, considering different variables, to obtain better accuracy in the results.

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Section: Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Agent-Based Model of Electric Vehicle Charging Demand to Analyse the Impact on Distribution Networks

et al. 2015

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“…[7], [8], particularly in the context of electric vehicle charging where the user will want to make use of charge points operated by the DNO. However the consensus appears to be that there should not be a direct commercial relationship between DNO and consumer or vehicle user, but that there will always be a mediating agent such as a conventional electricity retail supplier or an EV aggregator.…”

Section: Dno-supplier-consumer Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing electricity supply with distribution network constraints

Boait

Pakka

2013

22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013)

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The need for electricity demand to adapt to distribution network constraints and intermittent supply from renewable generators is widely recognised. However addressing both these goals simultaneously with a single demand side management scheme is difficult within a deregulated industry framework. This paper describes a scalable method by which electricity suppliers can shape demand from domestic and SME consumers, particularly that arising from adoption of heat pumps and electric vehicles. A process is proposed by which Distribution Network Operators notify a maximum power profile for each connection to the supplier, who then uses it to shape demand from each consumer so that DNO limits are satisfied as a priority, and demand responds to supply availability as far as possible.

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“…Transportvaneundersøgelsen is used in [87] for a case study of Denmark. In the case of Spain, there are different databases, for example Dades Bàsiques de Mobilitat 2008 for Barcelona city [55] and MOVILIA for the whole Spain [88].…”

Section: Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Local electricity markets design and operation in distribution power systems

Rosell¹

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In the context of distributed generation growth, local grids could face operational issues. In that sense, smart grid deployment will give information to local grid operators about grid status at medium and low voltage levels for taking operational decisions on daily basis. This thesis presents local markets as a potential solution to avoid local grid congestions and over-costs. They mainly increase the negotiation power of end-users with distributed energy resources and allow activation of flexibility at local level. First of all, this thesis analyses electric vehicles as a potential challenge for distribution grids and electricity markets in case of uncontrolled charging as it could cause consumption peaks. At the same time, electric vehicles could be part of the solution thanks to their capability of shifting forward their consumption. The first solution presented in this thesis is a building level electric vehicle management algorithm in order to reduce energy cost and consumption peaks. However, local grid operators need a solution to deal with aggregated level problems like high demand or high generation periods. Such kind of problems vary over time and place, and they could be difficult to integrate in regular grid tariffs. Therefore, the present thesis provides two local market designs for these problems. The first local market presented is designed for taking advantage of renewable energy producers before and after the whole-sale day-ahead market without threatening distribution grids and increasing the local social welfare. However, this market implies significant regulatory changes because the local market operator should take sorne of the current local grid operator regulated activities. Therefore, this thesis presents a second market design for managing portfolios of consumers, producers and prosumers, and it could be operated by retailers, balance responsible parties or aggregators for flexibility provision without regulatory issues. The work includes a description of roles, contracts and interactions of such local flexibility market, and three optimization algorithms depending on the application, complexity and portfolio scale. The first algorithm assumes limited information about each site, the second one includes such information but presents potential scalability limitations, and the last algorithm is based on a decomposition method to optimise the aggregator portfolio in a distributed way reducing the computational burden and time. En el context d'expansió de generadors d'electricitat renovable i distribuïda, les xarxes de distribució podrien presentar problemes d'operació. A més a més, en un context de desplegament de la xarxa elèctrica intel·ligent, les companyies distribuïdores tindran un millor coneixement de l'estat de la xarxa per prendre decisions d'operació en el dia a dia tant a nivell de mitja com en baixa tensió. Els mercats locals constitueixen una possible solució per a la resolució de congestions a les xarxes de distribució d'electricitat i reduir els sobre costos del sistema elèctric. Aquests mercats també permetrien incrementar el poder de negociació dels consumidors d'electricitat a petita escala amb capacitat de flexibilitat. Primerament s'analitza el potencial perill que poden suposar els vehicles elèctrics per a les xarxes de distribució en cas de no haver-hi gestió intel·ligent dels processos de carrega ja que podrien aparèixer nous pics de consum. Alhora, els vehicles elèctrics podrien ser part de la solució desplaçant el seu consum a la nit. El present treball inclou un algorisme de gestió de vehicles elèctrics a nivell d'edifici per a reduir el cost d'electricitat i els pics de consum. No obstant, les companyies distribuïdores necessiten una solució per als problemes de la xarxa que podrien ser diferents segons la zona o l'època de l'any. Es per això que aquest treball inclou dues propostes de mercat local per a aquests problemes. El primer mercat local esta dissenyat per a aprofitar l'avantatge dels productors d'energia renovable abans i després del mercat diari majorista sense comprometre l'operació de la xarxa de distribució. Tot i aixó, aquesta proposta de mercat local requeriria diversos canvis en matèria de regulació ja que l'operador del mercat local hauria de prendre algunes de les actuals responsabilitats de les companyies distribuïdores. Seguidament, la tesi presenta un segon mercat local per gestionar una cartera de consumidors, productors i prosumidors, com una activitat més dins de les activitats de les companyies comercialitzadores o agregadors de flexibilitat. El present document inclou una descripció dels rols, contractes i interaccions, i tres algorismes d'optimització des del més simple fins al més complex. El primer assumeix una limitació en la informació disponible de cada membre de la cartera, el segon inclou més informació però presenta limitacions d'escalabilitat, i finalment el tercer presenta un algorisme de descomposició per optimitzar la flexibilitat de manera distribuïda i així reduir el temps de computació i la complexitat de càlcul.

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E-car and economic impact: enhancing the smart grids

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Probabilistic Agent-Based Model of Electric Vehicle Charging Demand to Analyse the Impact on Distribution Networks

Probabilistic Agent-Based Model of Electric Vehicle Charging Demand to Analyse the Impact on Distribution Networks

Balancing electricity supply with distribution network constraints

Local electricity markets design and operation in distribution power systems

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