Abstract:Background: Worldwide adoption of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased exponentially over the past decade due to the perception that they may represent a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes (CS) and as an effort to reduce smoking-related diseases. Various types of e-cigarettes from different brands have been emerged in the market with different design and quality. However, whether the safety risks of e-cigarettes held the trends toward positive changes need to be further certified by mo… Show more
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