E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use–Associated Lung Injury: A Case Study and Review of the Literature

Shah, Jhill; Mullen, M. Mac; Lu, Michael W.

doi:10.1016/j.jradnu.2020.09.005

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…The U.S. recently experienced an outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, products use-associated lung injury (EVALI), with over 2,800 hospitalized cases reported ( King et al, 2020 ; Reagan-Steiner et al, 2020 ; Werner et al, 2020 ). Some patients diagnosed with EVALI exhibited respiratory symptoms resembling those previously reported by patients who had aspirated mineral oil ( Aberegg et al, 2020 ; Gay et al, 2020 ; Shah et al, 2020 ). In an urgent attempt to identify the cause of the outbreak-associated lung injury, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples from case patients were analyzed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for multiple EVP-associated chemicals ( DeJesús et al, 2020a ; DeJesús et al, 2020b ; Holder et al, 2021 ; Morel-Espinosa et al, 2021 ; Xia et al, 2021 ; Brosius et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

The Quantitation of Squalene and Squalane in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2022

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Chemicals of unknown inhalational toxicity are present in electronic cigarette and vaping products. E-cigarettes typically contain nicotine and other relatively hydrophilic chemicals while vaping products typically contain cannabinoids and other hydrophobic chemicals. For example, vaping products can include hydrophobic terpenes such as squalane (SQA) and squalene (SQE). However, little is known about the SQA and SQE transmission from liquid to aerosol. SQA and SQE are used in commercial products that are applied dermally and ingested orally, but limited information is available on their inhalational exposure and toxicity. We developed and validated a quantitative method to measure SQE and SQA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to assess if these chemicals accumulate in lung epithelial lining fluid after inhalation. Calibration curves spanned a range of 0.50–30.0 µg analyte per mL bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Recoveries were found to be 97–105% for SQE and 81–106% for SQA. Limits of detection were 0.50 μg/ml for both SQE and SQA. The method was applied to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples of patients from the 2019 outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) and a comparison group. Neither SQA nor SQE was detected above the method LOD for any samples analyzed; conversely, SQA or SQE were reproducibly measured in spiked quality control BAL fluids (relative standards deviations <15% for both analytes). Further applications of this method may help to evaluate the potential toxicity of SQA and SQE chronically inhaled from EVPs.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

The Quantitation of Squalene and Squalane in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2022

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Cannabis Vaping Among Youth and Young Adults: a Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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Purpose of Review The purpose of this review was to describe the state-of-the-literature on research specific to cannabis vaping among youth and young adults. Recent Findings Out of 1801 records identified, a total of 202 articles met eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. Most of this literature (46.0% of studies) was specific to the health effects of cannabis vaping, particularly EVALI (e-cigarette and vaping associated lung injury). Other research areas identified in the review included the etiology (24.3%) and epidemiology (24.8%) of cannabis vaping, in addition to articles on regulation (8.4%) and marketing (5.5%) of the same. Summary Cannabis vaping is increasingly common among youth and young adults and more prevalent is settings where recreational use for adults has been legalized. The literature documents a number of negative health effects of cannabis vaping for young people, along with risk factors and reasons for the same.

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E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use–Associated Lung Injury: A Case Study and Review of the Literature

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

The Quantitation of Squalene and Squalane in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

The Quantitation of Squalene and Squalane in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Cannabis Vaping Among Youth and Young Adults: a Scoping Review

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