E-Cigarette Use and Adult Cigarette Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis

Wang, Richard J.; Bhadriraju, Sudhamayi; Glantz, Stanton A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2020.305999

Cited by 235 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Population evidence regarding the effectiveness of using NVPs to quit smoking is mixed; however, there is growing evidence from randomized trials and observational studies that NVPs can be helpful in facilitating quit smoking attempts, reductions in cigarette consumption, and smoking cessation. 8 , 12 , 25–31 While the evidence of effectiveness for cessation has not been found in other studies, 25 , 32 , 33 it does indicate stronger effects when NVPs are used to quit smoking (vs. use for other reasons) when a certain type of device used (e.g., tank-based system, salt-based e-liquid), and when used more frequently (e.g., daily). 27 , 33–37 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“… 8 , 12 , 25–31 While the evidence of effectiveness for cessation has not been found in other studies, 25 , 32 , 33 it does indicate stronger effects when NVPs are used to quit smoking (vs. use for other reasons) when a certain type of device used (e.g., tank-based system, salt-based e-liquid), and when used more frequently (e.g., daily). 27 , 33–37 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Self-Reported Quit Aids and Assistance Used By Smokers At Their Most Recent Quit Attempt: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey

Gravely

Cummings

Hammond

et al. 2021

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction This study retrospectively describes smoking cessation aids, cessation services, and other types of assistance used by current and ex-smokers at last quit attempt (LQA) in four high-income countries. Methods Data are from the Wave 3 (2020) International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey in Australia, Canada, England, and the US. Eligible respondents were daily smokers or past-daily recent ex-smokers who made a quit attempt/quit smoking in the last 24-months, resulting in 3614 respondents. Self-reported quit aids/assistance included: nicotine vaping products (NVPs), nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), other pharmacological therapies (OPT: varenicline/bupropion/cytisine), tobacco (non-combustible: heated tobacco product/smokeless tobacco), cessation services (quitline/counseling/doctor), other cessation support (e.g., mobile apps/website/pamphlets etc.), or no aid. Results Among all respondents, at LQA, 28.8% used NRT, 28.0% used an NVP, 12.0% used OPT, 7.8% used a cessation service, 1.7% used a tobacco product, 16.5% other cessation support, and 38.6% used no aid/assistance. Slightly more than half of all smokers and ex-smokers (57.2%) reported using any type of pharmacotherapy (NRT or OPT) and/or an NVP, half used NRT and/or an NVP (49.9%), and 38.4% used any type of pharmacotherapy (NRT and/or OPT). A quarter of smokers/ex-smokers used a combination of aids. NVPs and NRT were the most prevalent types of cessation aids used in all four countries; however, NRT was more commonly used in Australia relative to NVPs, and in England, NVPs were more commonly used than NRT. The use of NVPs or NRT was more evenly distributed in Canada and the US. Conclusions It appears that many smokers are still trying to quit unassisted, rather than utilizing cessation aids or other forms of assistance. Of those who did use assistance, NRT and NVPs were the most common method, which appears to suggest that nicotine substitution is important for smokers when trying to quit smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Self-Reported Quit Aids and Assistance Used By Smokers At Their Most Recent Quit Attempt: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey

Gravely

Cummings

Hammond

et al. 2021

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Importantly, many of the early trials used first‐generation cig‐a‐likes that deliver relatively low doses of nicotine, possibly influencing quit rates. Supporting the idea that nicotine dose is an important determinant of success in smoking cessation, quitting rates in the population as a whole are higher when later‐generation e‐cigarettes with higher power such as tank‐style devices are used compared with first‐generation devices 90 and when e‐cigarettes are used more frequently 90,91 . The only trial to date using modern pod devices was a harm reduction study using 59 mg/mL nicotine pods 92 .…”

Section: Potential To Aid Smoking Cessation/support Harm Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from US surveys have found an association between the increase in e‐cigarette use and smoking cessation rates 98 and higher prevalence of a recent successful quit attempt among exclusive e‐cigarette users compared with users of other or no noncigarette tobacco products use 99 . A recent meta‐analysis of population‐based studies confirmed increased quitting with daily but decreased quitting with nondaily e‐cigarette use 91 . These findings should be interpreted in the light of the previous mentioned limitations in relation to the large heterogeneity of the available e‐cigarette devices and nicotine concentrations, as well as limitations associated with the study design (eg, cross‐sectional design not allowing assessment of causality).…”

Section: Potential To Aid Smoking Cessation/support Harm Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Implications for Benefits and Risks in the Promotion of the Combusted Tobacco Endgame

Benowitz

Helen

Liakoni

2021

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) such as e‐cigarettes and heated tobacco products are novel battery‐operated devices that deliver nicotine without combustion of tobacco. Because cigarette smoking is sustained by nicotine addiction and the toxic combustion products are mainly responsible for the harmful effects of smoking, ENDS could be used to promote smoking cessation while exposing users to lower levels of toxicants compared with conventional cigarettes. The currently available evidence from clinical and observational studies indicates a potential role of e‐cigarettes as smoking cessation aids, although many continue to use e‐cigarettes long after quitting smoking. Nicotine and toxicant delivery vary considerably by device and depend on the characteristics of the e‐liquid formulation. Because smokers tend to titrate their nicotine intake to maintain their desired pharmacologic effects, device and liquid characteristics need to be considered when using ENDS as an aid to quit smoking. Factors potentially limiting their use are the currently still unknown long‐term safety of these products and concerns regarding widespread use among youth. Implications of clinical pharmacology data on ENDS for the cigarette endgame and regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug administration are discussed.

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“…In the past decade, public health effort has resulted in significant reduction in the prevalence of tobacco smoking. However, there is a dramatic rise in the consumption of alternative products that delivers nicotine, such as e-cigarettes 4 . Menthol is the most popular and preferred e-cigarette flavor among young users 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine self-administration with menthol and audiovisual cue facilitates differential packaging of CYP2A6 and cytokines/chemokines in rat plasma extracellular vesicles

Kumar

Sinha

Haque

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In this study, we investigated whether intravenously self-administered nicotine with menthol and audiovisual cue modulates nicotine-metabolizing CYP2A6, oxidative stress modulators, and cytokines/chemokines in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) in rats. We assigned rats to self-administered nicotine with: (a) audiovisual cue (AV), (b) menthol, and (c) menthol and AV cue. We found increased levels of CD9 in plasma EVs after self-administered nicotine with menthol and AV cue. Moreover, expression of CYP2A6 in plasma EVs was significantly increased after self-administered nicotine in response to menthol and AV cue. However, despite an upward trend on SOD1 and catalase, increase was not found to be statistically significant, while total antioxidant capacity was found to be significantly increased in plasma and plasma EVs obtained after self-administered nicotine with menthol and AV cue. Among cytokine and chemokine profiling, we found a significant increase in the levels of MCP-1 after self-administered nicotine with menthol and AV cue and complete packaging of IL-1β in EVs. Taken together, the study provides evidence that nicotine in response to menthol and AV cues can package altered levels of CYP2A6, and cytokines/chemokines in plasma EVs that may contribute to cell–cell communication, nicotine metabolism, and inflammation upon cigarette smoking.

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E-Cigarette Use and Adult Cigarette Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 235 publications

References 89 publications

Self-Reported Quit Aids and Assistance Used By Smokers At Their Most Recent Quit Attempt: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey

Self-Reported Quit Aids and Assistance Used By Smokers At Their Most Recent Quit Attempt: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey

Clinical Pharmacology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Implications for Benefits and Risks in the Promotion of the Combusted Tobacco Endgame

Nicotine self-administration with menthol and audiovisual cue facilitates differential packaging of CYP2A6 and cytokines/chemokines in rat plasma extracellular vesicles

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