E‐cigarettes and respiratory health: the latest evidence

Miyashita, Lisa; Foley, Gary

doi:10.1113/jp279526

Cited by 48 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Smoking is a source of chronic inflammation and is strongly associated with clonal hematopoiesis and CHIP [ 18 , 19 ]. Although E-cigarette aerosols provoke local inflammation in the airways and lungs [ 44 ], systemic inflammation has not been reported. To investigate the impact of E-cigarette exposure in the selection and expansion of pre-leukemic HSPCs, we determined the extent to which two months of E-cigarette exposure influenced the outgrowth of JAK2 V617F mutated and TET2 knockout HSPCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Cigarette Exposure Decreases Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Ramanathan

Hoover

Arechavala

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) generate nicotine containing aerosols for inhalation and have emerged as a popular tobacco product among adolescents and young adults, yet little is known about their health effects due to their relatively recent introduction. Few studies have assessed the long-term effects of inhaling E-cigarette smoke or vapor. Here, we show that two months of E-cigarette exposure causes suppression of bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Specifically, the common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors were decreased in E-cig exposed animals compared to air exposed mice. Competitive reconstitution in bone marrow transplants was not affected by two months of E-cig exposure. When air and E-cig exposed mice were challenged with an inflammatory stimulus using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), competitive fitness between the two groups was not significantly different. However, mice transplanted with bone marrow from E-cigarette plus LPS exposed mice had elevated monocytes in their peripheral blood at five months post-transplant indicating a myeloid bias similar to responses of aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to an acute inflammatory challenge. We also investigated whether E-cigarette exposure enhances the selective advantage of hematopoietic cells with myeloid malignancy associated mutations. E-cigarette exposure for one month slightly increased JAK2V617F mutant cells in peripheral blood but did not have an impact on TET2−/− cells. Altogether, our findings reveal that chronic E-cigarette exposure for two months alters the bone marrow HSPC populations but does not affect HSC reconstitution in primary transplants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Cigarette Exposure Decreases Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Ramanathan

Hoover

Arechavala

et al. 2020

Cancers

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“…Furthermore, impairing the choroidal blood ow and decreasing the perfusion pressure could result in hypoxia and promote angiogenesis, and eventually cause the development of AMD [36][37][38]. Another review elaborated that E-cigarette vapor exposure not only disrupt pulmonary homeostasis but also can increase in ammatory response and oxidative stress via airway [39]. Although there are no specialized studies regarding the mechanism of E-cigarette vapor on the retina, based on the respiratory system studies, we assumed that the vapor could also cause an in ammatory response and oxidative stress to the fundus similar to C-cigarette smoke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Tissue Develops an Inflammatory Reaction to Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor in Mice

Wang

Hadžić

Roxlau

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cigarette smoke has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). As an alternative of conventional cigarette (C-cigarette), electronic cigarette (E-cigarette) has been rapidly promoted and used globally. The increasing usage of E-cigarette raises concerns with regard to long-term consequences related to retinal tissue. In the present study, a controlled study in mice models was conducted to probe the comprehensive effects of E-cigarette on retina, RPE and choroid tissues by (1) comparing the effect of C-cigarette smoke and E-cigarette smoke on retina; (2) determining the effects of E-cigarette vapor on the RPE and analyzing the changes with regard to inflammatory and angiogenic mediators in retina/RPE/choroid. The data showed that C-cigarette smoke exposure promoted an inflammatory reaction in the retina in vivo. Mice exposed to E-cigarette (nicotine-free) vapor developed inflammatory and angiogenic reactions more pronounced in RPE and choroid, while nicotine-containing E-cigarette vapor caused even a more serious reaction. Both, inflammatory and pro-angiogenic reactions increased with the extension of exposure time. These results demonstrate that exposure to C-cigarette smoke is harmful to the retina. Likewise, the exposure to E-cigarette vapor (with or without nicotine) increases the occurrence and progression of inflammatory and angiogenic stimuli in the retina, which might be similar effects causing the onset of wet AMD in humans.

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“…As a supplementary search, the reviews discussed in the introduction [15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] were searched independently by 2 reviewers for studies with the exclusion criteria above.…”

Section: Database Search and Secondary Searchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health Effects of e-Cigarette Substitution: Protocol for Two Living Systematic Reviews

et al. 2021

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Background Despite the clear risks of tobacco use, millions of people continue to smoke. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), commonly called e-cigarettes, have been proposed as a substitute for those who are unwilling or unable to quit. Current systematic and narrative reviews on the health effects of ENDS use, particularly respiratory and cardiovascular effects, have come to differing conclusions. Objective We conducted two systematic reviews to critically assess and synthesize available human studies on the respiratory and cardiovascular health effects of ENDS substitution for people who smoke. The primary goal is to provide clinicians with evidence on the health effects of ENDS substitution to inform their treatment recommendations and plans. The twin goal of the reviews is to promote health literacy in ENDS users with facts on the health effects of ENDS. Methods These two reviews will be living systematic reviews. The systematic reviews will be initiated through a baseline review. Studies will be evaluated using the JBI quality assessment tools and a checklist of biases drawn from the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine Catalogue of Bias. A narrative synthesis is planned because of the heterogeneity of data. A search for recently published studies will be conducted every 3 months, and an updated review will be published every 6 months for the duration of the project or possibly longer. Results The baseline and updated reviews will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings of the reviews will be reported in a white paper for clinicians and a fact sheet for people who use ENDS. Conclusions The substitution of ENDS for cigarettes is one way to potentially reduce the risks of smoking. Clinicians and their patients need to understand the potential benefits and possible risks of substituting ENDS for cigarettes. Our living systematic reviews seek to highlight the best and most up-to-date evidence in this highly contentious and fast-moving field of research. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42021239094; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=239094 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/29084

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E‐cigarettes and respiratory health: the latest evidence

Cited by 48 publications

References 74 publications

E-Cigarette Exposure Decreases Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

E-Cigarette Exposure Decreases Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Retinal Tissue Develops an Inflammatory Reaction to Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor in Mice

Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health Effects of e-Cigarette Substitution: Protocol for Two Living Systematic Reviews

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