E-cigarettes and their lone constituents induce cardiac arrhythmia and conduction defects in mice

Carll, Alex P.; Arab, Claudia; Salatini, Renata; Miles, Meredith D.; Nystoriak, Matthew A.; Fulghum, Kyle; Riggs, Daniel W.; Shirk, Gregg; Theis, Whitney S.; Talebi, Nima; Bhatnagar, Aruni; Conklin, Daniel J.

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-33203-1

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Acrolein, as an unsaturated aldehyde, is the most reactive of the common aldehydes present in industrial manufacturing, fuel combustion and tobacco burning (Carll et al., 2022; Destaillats et al., 2002; Sithu et al., 2010). It poses a strong negative inhalation health effect due to its chronic RfC of 0.02 μg/m 3 (the lowest among VOC species), compared to 1,3‐butadiene (2 μg/m 3 ) and chloroethane (10,000 μg/m 3 ) (Faroon et al., 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal Health Risks of Integrated Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From Various Anthropogenic Sources

Liu

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from anthropogenic sources are critical precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and potential contributors to health risks. However, quantitatively estimating the impact of these source‐derived VOCs on air quality and health is limited by their diverse chemical compositions, resulting in nonselective mass‐based VOC control strategies. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive study of typical VOC samples freshly emitted from various flue gases via field‐based measurements and chemical analysis under the same quality control. Our results showed that different source‐specific VOC profiles have unequal sensitivities to chemical reactivity on ozone and SOA formation potential, as well as potential health risks. Mobile sources and residential solid fuel burning were identified as the most sensitive sources of potential secondary pollutants and potential inhalation health risks, respectively. Despite accounting for only 22.7% of the total mass, residential VOCs contributed significantly to both inhalation non‐cancer risk (NCR) (57.4%) and cancer risk (CR) (47.3%). The large inequality between residential VOC emissions and their health risks highlights the necessity of continuously promoting the transition from mass‐based VOC control to effect‐oriented VOC control. This suggests that mobile sources is worth more attention for secondary pollutant formation, while residential solid fuel burning sources should receive more policy priority to reduce health risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal Health Risks of Integrated Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From Various Anthropogenic Sources

Liu

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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“…Mice exposed to various e-liquid constituents and aerosols (PG, VG, PG/VG, and tobacco- and menthol-flavored commercial e-liquids) showed significantly decreased HR during flavored e-cig exposures. 83 PG/VG-derived e-liquids caused the greatest changes in HR in male mice and showed no changes in female mice. Male mice also showed significantly increased HRV during flavored e-cig exposures, again with no changes observed in female mice.…”

Section: Effects On Neurological Activation Of the Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…These changes were then followed by increased HR and decreased HRV between exposures and postexposure in males with no observable changes in females. 83 A recent study from Nabavizadeh et al 84 suggested that no individual constituent of e-cigs or traditional cigarettes was responsible for endothelial dysfunction but that inhaled particles induce vagal nerve signaling initiated by airway irritation. These studies indicate that different components of e-cigs, including but not limited to e-liquid and nicotine, as well as biological characteristics, such as sex and metabolic comorbidities, all interact to predispose e-cig users to adverse cardiovascular outcomes.…”

Section: Effects On Neurological Activation Of the Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Cardiovascular/Cardiometabolic Health

Mears

Hookfin

Bandaru

et al. 2023

Circulation Research

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The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems, specifically electronic cigarettes (e-cig), has risen dramatically within the last few years; the demographic purchasing these devices is now predominantly adolescents that are not trying to quit the use of traditional combustible cigarettes, but rather are new users. The composition and appearance of these devices has changed since their first entry into the market in the late 2000s, but they remain composed of a battery and aerosol delivery system that is used to deliver breakdown products of propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin, flavorings, and potentially nicotine or other additives. Manufacturers have also adjusted the type of nicotine that is used within the liquid to make the inhalation more palatable for younger users, further affecting the number of youth who use these devices. Although the full spectrum of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic consequences of e-cig use is not fully appreciated, data is beginning to show that e-cigs can cause both short- and long-term issues on cardiac function, vascular integrity and cardiometabolic issues. This review will provide an overview of the cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, and vascular implications of the use of e-cigs, and the potential short- and long-term health effects. A robust understanding of these effects is important in order to inform policy makers on the dangers of e-cigs use.

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“…42 JUUL Labs, Inc.© was dominating the e-cigarette market at the time of this study and remains nowadays among the five top-selling brands. 43 Similar to cigarette smoke 31, 44 and prior generation (tank-style) e-cigarette aerosol, 24, 25, 28, 45 particulates and gases produced by pod-mod devices access the body primarily through the respiratory system yet retain the ability to modulate biological processes in other organs. 46, 47 Related to the cardiovascular system, acute inhalation of pod-mod e-cigarette aerosol increases the augmentation index (arterial stiffness), reduces the reactive hyperemia index (endothelial vasodilator function), and raises peripheral blood pressure in occasional users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Pod-Mod E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposure Induces Aortic Dysfunction in Hypercholesterolemic Mice: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Farra,

Matz,

Wilker

et al. 2024

Preprint

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ObjectiveElectronic (e-)cigarettes are the most used tobacco product amongst youth, and adult smokers favor e-cigarettes over approved cessations aids. Despite the lower perceived harm of vaping compared to smoking, inhalation of e-cigarette aerosol elicits cardiovascular responses that may lead to permanent injury when repeated over time. We thus aimed to infer the long-term outcomes of vaping on the function and structure of the aorta and shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.Approach and ResultsWe exposed female hypercholesterolemic mice to either pod-mod e-cigarette aerosol or room air daily for 24 weeks. Chronic inhalation of e-cigarette aerosol triggered accumulation of inflam-matory signals systemically and within aortic tissues, as well as T lymphocyte accrual in the aortic wall. Reduced eNOS expression and enhanced ROS production following eNOS uncoupling and NADPH oxi-dase activation curbed nitric oxide availability in the aorta of mice exposed to e-cigarette aerosol, impairing the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation that regulates blood flow distribution. Inhalation of e-cigarette aerosol thickened and stiffened aortic tissues via collagen deposition and remodeling, hindering the storage of elastic energy and limiting the cyclic distensibility that enables the aorta to function as a pressure reservoir. These effects combined contributed to raising systolic and pulse pressure above control levels.ConclusionsChronic inhalation of aerosol from pod-mod e-cigarettes promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis within aortic tissues, significantly impairing passive and vasoactive aortic functions. This evidence provides new insights on the biological processes that increase the risk for adverse cardio-vascular events as a result of pod-mod e-cigarette vaping.

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E-cigarettes and their lone constituents induce cardiac arrhythmia and conduction defects in mice

Cited by 36 publications

References 82 publications

Unequal Health Risks of Integrated Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From Various Anthropogenic Sources

Unequal Health Risks of Integrated Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From Various Anthropogenic Sources

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Cardiovascular/Cardiometabolic Health

Chronic Pod-Mod E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposure Induces Aortic Dysfunction in Hypercholesterolemic Mice: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

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