E-cigarettes: Are we renormalizing public smoking? Reversing five decades of tobacco control and revitalizing nicotine dependency in children and youth in Canada

Stanwick, Richard

doi:10.1093/pch/20.2.101

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There are several pathways through which e-cigarettes or the e-cigarette environment could lead to initiation of cigarette use. E-cigarette marketing to adolescents, resulting in increased use and potentially to the social normalization of e-cigarette use, could lead to the re-normalization of smoking behaviors more generally, including cigarette smoking [27]. Alternatively, adolescent exposure to nicotine in e-cigarettes could lead to establishment of early reward-seeking behaviors [10, 28], and successively to smoking of cigarettes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The E-cigarette Social Environment, E-cigarette Use, and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking

Barrington‐Trimis

Berhane

Unger

et al. 2016

Journal of Adolescent Health

111

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Purpose One concern regarding the recent increase in adolescent e-cigarette use is the possibility that e-cigarettes may be used by those who might not otherwise have used cigarettes, and that dual use, or transition to cigarette use alone, may follow. Methods Questionnaire data were obtained in 2014 from 11th/12th grade students attending schools in 12 communities included in the Southern California Children’s Health Study (CHS). We evaluated the cross-sectional association between e-cigarette use, the psychosocial environment (family and friends’ use and approval of e-cigarettes and cigarettes) and susceptibility to future cigarette use among never cigarette smokers (N=1694), using previously validated measures based on reported absence of a definitive commitment not to smoke. Results Among adolescents who had never used cigarettes, 31.8% of past e-cigarette users and 34.6% of current (past 30 day) e-cigarette users indicated susceptibility to cigarette use, compared to 21.0% of never e-cigarette users. The odds of indicating susceptibility to cigarette use were two times higher for current e-cigarette users compared to never users (OR=1.97; 95%CI: 1.21, 3.22). A social environment favorable to e-cigarettes (friends’ use of and positive attitudes toward use of e-cigarettes) was also associated with greater likelihood of susceptibility to cigarette use, independent of an individual’s e-cigarette use. Conclusions E-cigarette use in adolescence, and a pro-e-cigarette social environment, may put adolescents at risk for future use of cigarettes. E-cigarettes may contribute to subsequent cigarette use via nicotine addiction or social normalization of smoking behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The E-cigarette Social Environment, E-cigarette Use, and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking

Barrington‐Trimis

Berhane

Unger

et al. 2016

Journal of Adolescent Health

111

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“…A current smoker was identified as someone who reported smoking ≥100 cigarettes in his or her life and was presently smoking at the time of the interview, and a former smoker smoked ≥100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime and was not presently smoking at the time of the interview 17. The average number of cigarettes smoked per day in the previous 30 days was obtained from the question, “During the past 30 days, on the day that you smoked, about how many cigarettes did you smoke per day?” Former smokers were categorized according to their time since quitting: ≤90 days, 91 to 365 days, and >365 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Cigarette Use Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Pattern by Cigarette Smoking Status in the United States From NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 2013–2014

Jaber

Mirbolouk

DeFilippis

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundTo examine the prevalence and patterns of recent electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) use in a nationally representative sample of US adults and adolescents.Methods and ResultsUsing tobacco information from NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 2013–2014, 5423 adults and 895 adolescents (aged 13–17 years) were included in this analysis. Demographic, tobacco use, and drug use information were self‐reported. Recent e‐cigarette use (within the previous 5 days) was stratified by smoking status. Of 125 e‐cigarette users, 116 participants were aged ≥18 years, corresponding to 2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0–3.1) and 1.21% (95% CI, 0.3–2.1) prevalence of e‐cigarette use among US adults and adolescents, respectively. E‐cigarette adult users were current smokers (68.1%), former smokers (23.7%), and never smokers (8.2%). The highest prevalence of e‐cigarette use was among current smokers (8.2%; 95% CI, 6.3–10.1), followed by former smokers (2.7%; 95% CI, 1.4–4.1), and then never smokers (0.4%; 95% CI, 0.2–0.6). After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, e‐cigarette users had higher odds of being exposed to secondhand smoke (odds ratio: 6.3; 95% CI, 3.6–11.1) and drinking alcohol (odds ratio: 4.2; 95% CI, 1.8–10.0) and lower odds of having at least a college education or a higher income, compared with tobacco nonusers.ConclusionsBetween 2013 and 2014, e‐cigarette use in the United States was more common among younger people, those with low socioeconomic status, and current and former smokers. These findings will help inform future research as well as public policy and regulatory actions.

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“…An adolescent social environment in which e-cigarettes are more widely accepted (as measured through home and peer use and acceptance of use) could potentially lead to increased use and a normalization of e-cigarette use, which may then be accompanied by a "renormalization" of linked attitudes toward cigarette use and subsequent increases in cigarette use or dual use in adolescent populations. [11][12][13] In this study, we examined the prevalence of e-cigarette and cigarette use in 2014 in 11th-and 12th-grade adolescents in southern California and evaluated psychosocial factors associated with cigarette and e-cigarette use. We hypothesized that (1) the prevalence of e-cigarette use in southern California adolescents would be higher than cigarette use, reflecting trends observed nationally in recent years; (2) a substantial proportion of adolescent e-cigarette users would have no history of cigarette use; and (3) psychosocial factors indicating a social environment favorable to e-cigarette or cigarette use (home use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, greater number of friends using these products, and friends' positive attitudes toward e-cigarette and cigarette use) and perceptions of e-cigarettes as harmless would be associated both with higher e-cigarette and cigarette use.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Factors Associated With Adolescent Electronic Cigarette and Cigarette Use

Barrington‐Trimis¹,

Berhane²,

Unger³

et al. 2015

Pediatrics

234

214

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BACKGROUND: Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among adolescents has increased since their introduction into the US market in 2007. Little is known about the role of e-cigarette psychosocial factors on risk of e-cigarette or cigarette use in adolescence. METHODS:Information on e-cigarette and cigarette psychosocial factors (use and attitudes about use in the home and among friends) was collected from 11th-and 12th-grade participants in the Southern California Children's Health Study during the spring of 2014.RESULTS: Of 2084 participants, 499 (24.0%) had used an e-cigarette, including 200 (9.6%) current users (past 30 days); 390 participants (18.7%) had smoked a combustible cigarette, and 119 (5.7%) were current cigarette smokers. Cigarette and e-cigarette use were correlated. Nevertheless, 40.5% (n = 81) of current e-cigarette users had never smoked a cigarette. Psychosocial factors (home use of each product, friends' use of and positive attitudes toward e-cigarettes and cigarettes) and participant perception of the harm of e-cigarettes were strongly positively associated both with e-cigarette and cigarette use. Most youth who reported e-cigarette use had friends who used e-cigarettes, and almost half of current users reported that they did not believe there were health risks associated with e-cigarette use.CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal studies of adolescents are needed to determine whether the strong association of e-cigarette psychosocial factors with both e-cigarette and cigarette use will lead to increased cigarette use or dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, or whether e-cigarettes will serve as a gateway to cigarette use. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in adolescence is increasing. E-cigarette use has been associated with cigarette use, but there has been little study of other psychosocial risk factors for e-cigarette use and their relationship with cigarette use. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Approval and use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among friends and family were strongly associated with cigarette and e-cigarette use in a cohort of adolescents in southern California.

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E-cigarettes: Are we renormalizing public smoking? Reversing five decades of tobacco control and revitalizing nicotine dependency in children and youth in Canada

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

The E-cigarette Social Environment, E-cigarette Use, and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking

The E-cigarette Social Environment, E-cigarette Use, and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking

Electronic Cigarette Use Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Pattern by Cigarette Smoking Status in the United States From NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 2013–2014

Psychosocial Factors Associated With Adolescent Electronic Cigarette and Cigarette Use

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