(E,E)-α-Farnesene the Main Substance of the Volatiles of the Flowers from European Mistletoe (Viscum album L.)

Bungert, Michael; Thiel, Rolf; Goedings, P.; Becker, Hans

doi:10.1515/znc-2002-1-233

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…(E, E)-afarnesene is the main constituent from flower volatiles of several subspecies of V. album (Bungert et al 2002). Interestingly, another isomer b-farnesene has only been reported from V. album a parasite exclusive to P. sylvestris (Bungert et al 2002). With our analytic equipment, it was not possible to distinguish between the different isomers of farnesene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Benzaldehyde is a compound regularly emitted by several berry fruits (Abraham et al 2015), and a common constituent of leaf odors of many green plants (Steck et al 2012). (E, E)-afarnesene is the main constituent from flower volatiles of several subspecies of V. album (Bungert et al 2002). Interestingly, another isomer b-farnesene has only been reported from V. album a parasite exclusive to P. sylvestris (Bungert et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An invader supported by a parasite: Mistletoe berries as a host for food and reproduction of Spotted Wing Drosophila in early spring

et al. 2016

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The Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, an invasive pest species in Europe and the Americas, is able to feed and reproduce on numerous fruit crops and a wide range of wild host plants. SWD is thought to overwinter outside of agricultural fields in forests and hedges. To identify overwintering sites and early spring oviposition hosts, traps were installed in forests. In spring 2015, traps in the canopy of pine trees parasitized by mistletoe, Viscum album subsp. laxum, captured significantly more SWD than traps in pine trees without mistletoe. We found SWD females with ripe eggs coinciding with ripening and ripe mistletoe berries. We investigated whether mistletoe may serve as a host for SWD. Under laboratory conditions, SWD developed from egg to adult in mistletoe berries. More adults emerged from wounded berries. Females were observed to feed on berries and survived up to eight days without other food. A few adults emerged from wild mistletoe berries. To understand the attraction of SWD to parasitized trees, we analyzed the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected from the headspace of mistletoe berries by GC-MS and identified the main components. Thirty-two VOCs were found.Wounded and unwounded berries differed significantly in the quantity of 11 VOCs emitted. The odor spectrum showed many similarities to other typical berry odors. The combination of field surveys and laboratory assays identified a new reproduction host for SWD in spring. This host plant may help SWD to withstand the bottleneck period for survival in winter and spring. Key message• Mistletoe berries support SWD nutrition and reproduction. • SWD abundance in the canopy of pine trees parasitized by V. album was higher than in the canopy of P. sylvestris without V. album or at lower heights in the vegetation. • The odor spectrum showed many similarities to other typical berry odors. • Adult SWD emerged from field-collected mistletoe berries indicating that mistletoe is one of the first reproductive hosts for SWD in Central Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An invader supported by a parasite: Mistletoe berries as a host for food and reproduction of Spotted Wing Drosophila in early spring

et al. 2016

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“…( E , E) -α-farnesene, ( E )-β-ocimene and (-)-germacrene D have been shown to be important floral scent components in other flowers including mistletoe, carob and oilseed rape ( Le Metayer et al , 1997 ; Bungert et al , 2002 ; Custodio et al , 2006 ) but can also be produced in other tissues. All three volatile compounds are released locally and systemically from hybrid poplar leaves after caterpillar herbivory ( Arimura et al , 2004 ), suggestive of a role in indirect defence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two terpene synthases are responsible for the major sesquiterpenes emitted from the flowers of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

Nieuwenhuizen

Wang

Matich

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Botany

124

103

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Kiwifruit vines rely on bees for pollen transfer between spatially separated male and female individuals and require synchronized flowering to ensure pollination. Volatile terpene compounds, which are important cues for insect pollinator attraction, were studied by dynamic headspace sampling in the major green-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cultivar ‘Hayward’ and its male pollinator ‘Chieftain’. Terpene volatile levels showed a profile dominated by the sesquiterpenes α-farnesene and germacrene D. These two compounds were emitted by all floral tissues and could be observed throughout the day, with lower levels at night. The monoterpene (E)-β-ocimene was also detected in flowers but was emitted predominantly during the day and only from petal tissue. Using a functional genomics approach, two terpene synthase (TPS) genes were isolated from a ‘Hayward’ petal EST library. Bacterial expression and transient in planta data combined with analysis by enantioselective gas chromatography revealed that one TPS produced primarily (E,E)-α-farnesene and small amounts of (E)-β-ocimene, whereas the second TPS produced primarily (+)-germacrene D. Subcellular localization using GFP fusions showed that both enzymes were localized in the cytoplasm, the site for sesquiterpene production. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that both TPS genes were expressed in the same tissues and at the same times as the corresponding floral volatiles. The results indicate that two genes can account for the major floral sesquiterpene volatiles observed in both male and female A. deliciosa flowers.

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“…They are present in a variety of forms and are exclusively found in the tropical native species of South and Central America, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand ( Fadini et al, 2018 ). These plants usually present different traits to manipulate the pollinator behavior that include: extended flowering lifetime ( Azpeitia and Lara, 2006 ), production of high quality FN ( Rivera et al, 1996 ; Pérez-Crespo et al, 2016 ), VOCs emission ( Bungert et al, 2002 ; Sipes et al, 2014 ) and the developments of bright colored flowers ( Pérez-Crespo et al, 2016 ). Among mistletoes the Loranthaceae family is one of the largest and the most diverse (73 genera and ∼990 species) ( Nickrent et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Traits in the Flower Lifetime of a Mexican Mistletoe Parasitizing Mesquite Biomass

et al. 2018

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Psittacanthus calyculatus is a hemiparasitic plant that infects a wide range of trees. Mainly the biology reproduction of this mistletoe lies in bright colored flower development. Furthermore, it uses the nectar secretion as the only reward to engage different flower visitors. We investigated the physiological mechanisms of the flower phenology per hour and per day to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of the nectar secretion, Cell Wall Invertase Activity (key enzyme in the quality of nectar), nectar chemistry, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission, synthesis of carotenoids and frequency of floral visitors. Flowers lasted 4 days, total nectar was loaded just before the anthesis and the secretion was maintained over day 1 and 2, decreased on day 3, and stopped on day 4. The diurnal nectar secretion dynamic per hour on day 1 and 2 showed similar patterns with high production on the morning and a decrease in the afternoon, the secretion declined on day 3 and ceased on day 4. On the other hand, CWIN activity per day was less before the anthesis and increased on day 1 and 2, this enzymatic activity decreased on the old flower phenology. Moreover, diurnal CWIN activities showed different patterns in the morning, noon, and lastly in the afternoon. Nectar chemistry varied significantly throughout of the flower lifetime, sucrose decreased along the flower phenology increasing glucose and fructose. Amino acids showed the prevalence of proline and oxo-proline, both increased on the day 1 and diminished in subsequent old flower stages. The spatial VOCs emission showed the presence of 11 compounds being β-ocimene the main volatile; its release increased on day 1 and remained constant in the flower lifetime. Lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene were concentrated in old stages of the flowers. In field, the most frequent flower visitors were the hummingbirds that usually foraging in all phenologic flower stage and their foraging events decreased with the phenological flower lifetimes. The results showed that these traits presented by P. calyculatus flowers are able to engage and manipulate the behavior of flower visitors and contribute to the reproduction of the parasitic plant.

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(E,E)-α-Farnesene the Main Substance of the Volatiles of the Flowers from European Mistletoe (Viscum album L.)

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

An invader supported by a parasite: Mistletoe berries as a host for food and reproduction of Spotted Wing Drosophila in early spring

An invader supported by a parasite: Mistletoe berries as a host for food and reproduction of Spotted Wing Drosophila in early spring

Two terpene synthases are responsible for the major sesquiterpenes emitted from the flowers of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

Biochemical Traits in the Flower Lifetime of a Mexican Mistletoe Parasitizing Mesquite Biomass

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