“…In Asia and Europe, KM has been used for citizen information provision [34] and deployed in various areas such as education, defense, and intelligence [14]. Given the range of activities (e.g., service provision, policy formulation) and the diversity of knowledge public administration involves, effective acquisition and dissemination of knowledge about itself, policies, citizens, businesses, states and allies, environment, governing processes, and technologies are important to government functioning [35]. KM is therefore seen as an effective solution that can support public administrative activities.…”