ɛ-N-Methyl-lysine in Bacterial Flagellar Protein

Ambler, R. P.; Rees, M. W.

doi:10.1038/184056b0

Cited by 263 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…Several post-translational modifications of flagellin such as glycosylation (33), phosphorylation (34), methylation (35), and sulfatation (36) have been reported. Among these modifications, glycosylation is the most likely because of the large mass differences (over 1,000 Da).…”

Section: Identification Of Perception Molecules-viable Cells Can Ex-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellin from an Incompatible Strain of Pseudomonas avenae Induces a Resistance Response in Cultured Rice Cells

Sik¹,

Nakajima²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

116

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The host range of Pseudomonas avenae is wide among monocotyledonous plants, but individual strains can infect only one or a few host species. The resistance response of rice cells to pathogens has been previously shown to be induced by a rice-incompatible strain, N1141, but not by a rice-compatible strain, H8301. To clarify the molecular mechanism of the host specificity in P. avenae, a strain-specific antibody that was raised against N1141 cells and then absorbed with H8301 cells was prepared. When a cell extract of strain N1141 was separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunostained with the N1141 strain-specific antibody, only a flagellin protein was detected. Purified N1141 flagellin induced the hypersensitive cell death in cultured rice cells within 6 h of treatment, whereas the H8301 flagellin did not. The hypersensitive cell death could be blocked by pretreatment with anti-N1141 flagellin antibody. Furthermore, a flagellin-deficient N1141 strain lost not only the induction ability of hypersensitive cell death but also the expression ability of the EL2 gene, which is thought to be one of the defenserelated genes. These results demonstrated that the resistance response in cultured rice cells is induced by the flagellin existing in the incompatible strain of P. avenae but not in the flagellin of the compatible strain.

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Section: Identification Of Perception Molecules-viable Cells Can Ex-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellin from an Incompatible Strain of Pseudomonas avenae Induces a Resistance Response in Cultured Rice Cells

Sik¹,

Nakajima²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

116

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“…The flagella of the genus Salmonella are composed of a fibrous protein called flagellin (Astbury et al 1955;Ambler & Rees, 1959). The H-antigen type of their flagella is presumed to reflect a specificity of flagellin molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curly Flagellar Mutants in Salmonella

Iino¹

1962

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYA curly flagellar mutant obtained from a strain of Salrnonella tgphimuriurn was unstable and repeatedly dissociated ' curly ' and normal subclones. Examination of flagellar antigens of the normal and the curly flagellar subclones demonstrated that the changes in flagellar shape corresponded exactly with phase variation: subclones with curly flagella were always in phase-1 (antigen-i), those with normal flagella were in phase-2 (antigen-2,Z). In transduction from a normal flagellar s t r a i n to the curly phase-1 strain, transductional clones with normal flagella were isolated. The transductional clones showed the antigen of the donor in phase-1 and that of the recipient in phase-2. This indicates that the phase-1 curly determinant is closely associated with the phase-1 antigen type determinant, HI.Seven curly mutants were obtained from a strain of Salmonella abortus-eqwi: one with antigen-a (phase-I), and four with antigen-e,lz,ir: (phase-a), and two with antigen-2,2 (phase-2) from a transductional recombinant given antigen-2, 2. Transductional analysis with these strains showed that the phase4 curly determinant is closely associated with the phase-2 antigen type determinant, H,; and the phase-1 curly determinant with Hl. In cross-absorption experiments with antisera prepared against flagella of either normal or curly mutant, no antigenic difference between normal and curly flagella could be detected. It is inferred that HI and Hz are the primary structural determinants of flagellar protein in phase-1 and phase-2 respectively; mutation in Hl or H, may cause an altered configuration of flagellar protein, resulting in a change in antigenic type, or in flagellar shape, or it may cause the failure of flagellar morphogenesis. Attempts to obtain recombination by transduction between the curly flagellar determinants in each of the phases have been unsuccessful; this suggests that in each phase the mutant sites of the curly types are very closely linked or identical.

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“…The first report on the occurrence of a methyl PTM in a protein dates back to 1959, when Ambler and Rees found H-N-methyl-lysine in a bacterial flagellar protein [227]. Protein methylation predominantly occurs at lysine and arginine residues, but N-or O-methylation has also been detected at side chains of other amino acids, Nterminal amino groups and C-terminal carboxyl groups.…”

Section: Protein Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in purification and separation of posttranslationally modified proteins

Černý

Skalák

Cerná

et al. 2013

Journal of Proteomics

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Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins represent fascinating extensions of the dynamic complexity of living cells' proteomes. The results of enzymatically catalyzed or spontaneous chemical reactions, PTMs form a fourth tier in the gene -transcript -protein cascade, and contribute not only to proteins' biological functions, but also to challenges in their analysis. There have been tremendous advances in proteomics during the last decade. Identification and mapping of PTMs in proteins have improved dramatically, mainly due to constant increases in the sensitivity, speed, accuracy and resolution of mass spectrometry (MS). However, it is also becoming increasingly evident that simple gel-free shotgun MS profiling is unlikely to suffice for comprehensive detection and characterization of proteins and/or protein modifications present in low amounts. Here, we review current approaches for enriching and separating posttranslationally modified proteins, and their MS-independent detection. First, we discuss general approaches for proteome separation, fractionation and enrichment. We then consider the commonest forms of PTMs (phosphorylation, glycosylation and glycation, lipidation, methylation, acetylation, deamidation, ubiquitination and various redox modifications), and the best available methods for detecting and purifying proteins carrying these PTMs.

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ɛ-N-Methyl-lysine in Bacterial Flagellar Protein

Cited by 263 publications

References 4 publications

Flagellin from an Incompatible Strain of Pseudomonas avenae Induces a Resistance Response in Cultured Rice Cells

Flagellin from an Incompatible Strain of Pseudomonas avenae Induces a Resistance Response in Cultured Rice Cells

Curly Flagellar Mutants in Salmonella

Advances in purification and separation of posttranslationally modified proteins

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