E. P Thompson E Exterminismo: Estratégia Pacifista E Luta

Abstract

Percebendo a existência de “uma dinâmica interna e de uma lógica recíproca que requerem uma nova categoria de análise”, E. P. Thompson elabora o conceito de exterminismo, para definir e examinar essa nova realidade, esta época histórica de confronto nuclear. Em termos teóricos, o aspecto mais controverso da interpretação de Thompson sobre a Guerra Fria, e em relação a essa proposta, é sua abordagem do conceito de luta de classe e sua restrição às noções de imperialismo e militarismo. O artigo procura discutir a importância dessas ideias e localizar sua atualidade e relevância.

Investigation on the Effects of Glycerol and Clay Contents on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Maize Starch Nanocomposite Films

“…In this work for the preparation of the biocomposite films, it was chosen to employ experimental conditions as mild as possible in an effort to avoid destruction of glucan molecules; which otherwise could happen if the melt intercalation method were used where the temperature of heating could surpass the 140°C risking the degradation of starch which leads to the formation of dark colored products (caramelization) as other researchers have already experienced. [10,13] The prepared films were macroscopically isotropic, homogeneous, smooth, flexible, and sufficiently transparent, although the starch/clay nanocomposite films were less transparent than the conventional starch films, plasticized with glycerol and water (control). Coding: G refers to glycerol and numbers to glycerol content as percentage to starch content (dry basis); Ma (sodium montmorillonite), Mb (Kimolian montmorillonite), and OM (organically modified montmorillonite) and numbers to clay content as percentage to starch content (dry basis).…”

“…The third type, an organically modified montmorillonite (OM) (modified with 25-30 wt% methyl dihydroxyethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, USA. [25,26] Preparation of Thermoplastic Starch-Nanoclay Films: The films were prepared by a solution mixing procedure described by others [7,9,13,18] with modifications introduced by the authors as follows: The maize starch (6.5 wt% dry basis) was dispersed in distilled water containing different levels of glycerol ranged from 10 to 100 wt% based on the amount of dry starch and the suspension was stirred by a magnetic stirrer, at 80°C for 30 min to gelatinize the starch. A clay suspension was homogenized at room temperature in distilled water at concentration of 0.8 wt% by sonication for 30 min.…”

“…The best results were obtained with thermoplastic maize starch-Ma nanocomposites in the 10-15 w/w Ma range and glycerol concentrations of 20 or 30 wt% in agreement with previous publications. [13,18]…”

“…Numerous studies have been carried out employing natural or synthetic or organically modified clays with various degrees of success. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] From the various clay minerals existing in nature, layered silicate materials such as montmorillonite (MMT) drew the attention of the majority of the researchers as a suitable material to reinforce thermoplastic starch systems. The morphology of these clays is that of ordered stacks of quasi 2D silicate sheets with a thickness of about 1 nm and a few hundred nanometers in width and length.…”

“…Two are the main methods employed by various workers [13,15] in order to incorporate nanoclay particles into the thermoplastic starch matrix: a) the solution method, that is, the exfoliation of a clay in a proper solvent and the adsorption of the polymer to the clay surfaces; b) the melt intercalation method which involves mixing and heating of the layered silicate with the thermoplastic starch matrix in the molten state.…”