E-plastics in a circular economy: A comprehensive regulatory review

Barouta, Despoina; Alassali, Ayah; Picuno, Caterina; Bruno, Martina; Syranidou, Evdokia; Fiore, Silvia; Kuchta, Kerstin

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131711

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, the 2nd stage degradation takes place between 425.5 °C and 550 °C. In both cases, the frst phase degradation corresponds to the degradation of ABS, and the 2nd phase degradation corresponds to the degradation of the PC component [34][35][36]. Further decomposition has been seen in both samples, starting from 550 °C to 675 °C.…”

Section: Tga Analysis Resultmentioning

confidence: 92%

Recycling of Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Blends with Flame Retardant Additives for 3D Printing Filament

Zegeye,

Atalie

2024

Journal of Engineering

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Recycling waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) for valuable materials is a critical aspect of the circular economy and sustainable waste management. Recycling these solid wastes into value-added products is one method for reducing landfill waste and pollution. The purpose of this research was to investigate the recyclability of plastic wastes of Polycarbonate Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene blends with Brominated Flame-Retardant additives (PC-ABS-FR). Two types of plastic wastes, PC-ABS-FR (GL) and PC-ABS-FR (DB), were collected and converted into polymer chips using a mechanical process. To study the effectiveness of waste recyclability, 3D printing filaments were produced through the extrusion process. Chemical elements, functional groups, and thermal and mechanical properties of recycled products were evaluated using EDX, FTIR, DSC, and universal tensile testing equipment, respectively. TGA, cone calorimetry, and melt flow index analyses were also carried out. The results showed that recycled PC- ABS–FR (GL) waste-based filament samples had better thermal and mechanical properties. On the contrary, PC- ABS–FR (DB) waste recyclability was not effective in filament extrusion. The mechanical properties of the 3D printing filaments produced from PC-ABS-FR electronic waste were found to be similar to those observed in commercially available and previously reported filaments. The strength, thermal property, cross-sectional homogeneity, and filament diameter of 1.8 ± 0.03 mm of the 3D printer filament made from PC- ABS–FR (GL) were suitable for 3D printing applications such as children’s toys, dust bins, and flower vases.

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Section: Tga Analysis Resultmentioning

confidence: 92%

Recycling of Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Blends with Flame Retardant Additives for 3D Printing Filament

Zegeye,

Atalie

2024

Journal of Engineering

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“…Converters of 'new' PVC products that use recycled PVC as a feedstock probably have some knowledge of the functionality of embedded plasticizers, but not their specific identities or associated risks and restrictions. Although in terms of CE, indirect plasticizer recycling appears to help such entrepreneurs save money and resources [109] , unaffected materials feedstocks will also turn into contaminated materials, drastically lowering their circular value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediment core of Phayao Lake, Thailand

Deelaman¹,

Choochuay²,

Pongpiachan³

et al. 2023

J Environ Expo Assess

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment cores from Phayao Lake were investigated in terms of their concentration, distribution, and potential effects on the environment and human health. The concentration of Σ16PAHs ranged from 77.6 to 1251.1 ng g-1. Additionally, low molecular weight PAHs (two or three fused aromatic rings) were dominant, indicating that the main source of PAHs is the incomplete combustion of organic sources. The toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs) of 16 PAHs varied from 2.67 to 155.09 ng g-1, with an average of 38.29 ± 46.69 ng g-1. Furthermore, the TEQs of 9 known carcinogenic PAHs averaged 20.77 ± 30.63 ng g-1. B[a]P had the highest TEQ, followed by D[a,h]A and B[k]F, with values of 16.93 ± 25.49, 13.89 ± 15.37 and 2.12 ± 3.64, respectively. The RQ(NCs) of ∑PAHs (RQ∑PAHs(NCs)) ranged from 1.65 × 10-4 to 6.27 × 10-1 with an average value of 1.18 × 100 ± 1.52 × 100. Moreover, RQ(NCs) was less than 1 for individual PAHs, indicating a minor risk. However, RQ(MPCs) was less than 1 for individual PAHs, indicating a moderate risk. The results showed a significant incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) from sediment-bound PAHs with dermal absorption, followed by ingestion and inhalation, as the prevalent route of exposure. The measured ILCR values of all PAHs were less than 10-6 for both adults and children, which were lower than the baseline value, indicating that each PAH poses a low risk of cancer to humans. This study provides information for control and preventive actions to limit future PAH pollution in Phayao Lake.

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“…For example, between stimulating the CE transition by promoting reuse or recycling on the one hand, and ensuring the safety of human health and the environment on the other hand [63]. Especially the identified barriers and incentives that relate to EU chemicals legislation and (W)EEE plastics show that safeguarding human health and the environment could have consequences for more circularity, and vice versa [111]. Similar considerations play a role in choices regarding life time extension versus energy efficiency [52,112], modularity versus higher environmental impact or [113], according to interviewees, repairability and consumer-safety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Legal Transition towards a More Circular Electrical and Electronic Equipment Chain—A Case Study of The Netherlands

Waal

2023

Sustainability

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The transition towards a circular economy in the EU requires that the legal framework does not create (legal) barriers, but rather enables or stimulates this transition. At this moment, however, the existing literature argues that the current legal system that governs the life cycle of materials and products—EU chemicals, product and waste legislation—might hamper the transition. This article looks into the legal framework for the transition of the product stream of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and more specifically into the general and specific applicable EU chemicals, product and waste legislation, as well as its implementation in the Netherlands. By means of both doctrinal and empirical legal research, this article identifies legal barriers, gaps and incentives in the current legal framework that governs the life cycle of EEE in light of the transition towards a circular economy (CE). To enable or stimulate the CE transition in the EEE chain, it appears that it would be desirable to improve the interaction within this legal system and better align it with the objectives of the CE and life cycle thinking. Moreover, this research shows that a different approach within EU chemicals, product and waste legislation could be beneficial for the CE transition. With regard to EEE, a holistic approach could enable a more circular EEE chain, either within the current sector-approach, or with a more product-specific or material-specific approach within the EU chemicals, product and waste legislation governing EEE.

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E-plastics in a circular economy: A comprehensive regulatory review

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Recycling of Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Blends with Flame Retardant Additives for 3D Printing Filament

Recycling of Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Blends with Flame Retardant Additives for 3D Printing Filament

Ecological and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediment core of Phayao Lake, Thailand

The Legal Transition towards a More Circular Electrical and Electronic Equipment Chain—A Case Study of The Netherlands

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